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Application
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OSI L7, L6, L5 - user interface, defines protocols used, interface wth transport layer, IP adresses
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ex :
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HTTP, SNMP, Telnet, DNS, FTP, SMTP, SSH, SSL/TLS
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Transport
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TCP, UDP, RTP (Real-Time Protocol)
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Internet
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data is packaged into IP datagrams (IP, ICMP, ARP, Reverse ARP
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Network
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how to transmit bits, how NW medium is used (wireless, cable, etc)
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TCP
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Layer 4 of OSI Model
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Transmission Control Protocol
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3-way Handshake Client<>Server
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connection oriented method, reliable
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UDP
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lightweight data transport protocol
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User Datagram Protocol
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error & integrity datagram check (checksum)
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used in streaming audio/video, not reliable
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|
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ICMP
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check network connectivity issues
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Internet Control Message Protocol
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ping scan & NW mapping
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GRE
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packets tunneling protocol
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Generic Routing Encapsulation
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can encapusulate variety of protocols over IP
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used for VPN
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|
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IPsec
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set of secure communication protocols
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. AH
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Autentification Header
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-> for authentication & integrity
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|
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. ESP
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Encapsulating security payload
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-> for encryption & integrity
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Ports
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0-65'535
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. well-known
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0-1024, reserved and unchanged
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. ephemeral
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1024-65'535, short-lived, random selection
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IPv4 Packets
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Source, Dest, IP Flags, Protocol
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Overheads
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TCP is heavy (20bytes), UDP lighter (8bytes)
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FTP
|
File Transfer Protocol
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20, 21
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SSH
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Secure Shell
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22
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SFTP
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Secure FTP
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22
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Telnet
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23
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SMTP
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Simple Transfer Mail Protocol
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25
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DNS
|
Domain Name System
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53
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DHCP
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Dynamic Host Control Protocol
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67, 68
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TFTP
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Trivial FTP
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69
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HTTP
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HyperText Transfer Protocol
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80
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POP3
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Post Office Pr. v3
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110
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NTP
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Network Time Protocol
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123
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NetBios
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139
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IMAP
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Internet Mail Access Protocol
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143
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SNMP
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Simple Network Management
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161
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LDAP
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Lightweight Directory Access
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389
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HTTPS
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HTTP Secure
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443
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SMB
|
Server Message Block
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445
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SLPS
|
System Logging Protocol Syslog
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514
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SMTP TLS
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SMTP Transport Layer Security
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587
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LDAPS
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LDAP Secure
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636
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IMAP over SSL
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993
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POP3 over SSL
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995
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SQL Server
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client > database engine
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1433
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SQLnet
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client > oracle database
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1521
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MySQL
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client > MySQL database engine
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3306
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RDP
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Remote Desktop Protocol
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3389
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SIP
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Session Initiation Protocol
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5060, 5061
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