CompTIA Network+ certification course sum up. Oriented for cybersecurity later courses. *This sheet is quite simplified as its goal is to prepare for cybersecurity certifications. Some pure tech topics are missing.*
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Dedicated Leased Lines
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direct connection point to point
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Circuit-Switched
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using data through dial phone connection (ISDN)
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Packet-Switched
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idem but multiple users using the same line.
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Connections
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Copper
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UTP, STP : Dial-up, ISDN, E1, T1
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Coax : Cable modem
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Fiber
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Electricity
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Broadand over Power Lines (BPL)
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Cellular
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3G
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144Kbps-2Mbps | HSPA(+)
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4G
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100Mbps-1Gbps | LTE, LTE-A
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Low-band | 30-250Mbps (long range)
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5G
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Mid-band | 100-900Mbps (mid range)
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High-band | +Gbps (short range)
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GSM technology
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widely used - converts voice into data
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CDMA technology
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USA - encryption system
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Microwave
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UHF, SHF, EHF
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Ultra, Super, Extreme High Frequencies
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point-to-point connection, fast (1Gbps) but direct line of sight. max 40NM
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WiMAX, antenna on top of buildings
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Satellite
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over-the-world coverage
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slow, expensive, high latency
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ex: starlink
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low orbit -> latency down to 35ms
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HF radios
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for text only, <10Kbps
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Dedicated Leased Lines
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E1-E3 (Europe), T1-T4 : use CSU/DSU
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Metro Ethernet
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use ethernet protocols on fiber cabling
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PPP
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Point-to-Point
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PAP
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Password Athentication Protocol | password sent in clear!
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CHAP
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Challenge-Handshake Athentication Protocol
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MS-CHAP
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both sent hached credentials, security+
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PPPoE
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encapsulates PPP frames inside Ethernet frames
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DSL
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ADSL | 5.5km
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Dwn: 8Mbps, Up:1.5Mbps
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SDSL | 3.3km
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Dwn & Up : 1.17Mbps
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VDSL | 1.3km
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Dwn : 52Mbps, Up:12Mbps
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Cable Modems
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use HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coax) TV infrastructure
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protocol
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DOCSIS
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Satellite Modem
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limited, expensive, wx sensitive, echo
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POTS
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analog connection, PSTN
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ISDN
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carry voice, video or data over B/D channels
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Frame Relay (FR)
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use virtual circuits (VC)
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SONET
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20-250km, til 10Gbits, FDDI (fiber)
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ATM
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cell-based of fixed 53bytes, use VC
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MPLS
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used by service providers on backbone
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DMVPN
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use VPN tunnel to secure WAN connections
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Connection speed order
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FR, T1, E1, T3, E3, ATM, SONET
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mGRE
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multipoint generic routing encapsulation
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