|
No nucleus; 1st organisms to inhabit earth
|
|
unicellular, some form colonies
|
|
fall into Bacteria and Archaea
|
|
0.5-5 micrometers
|
|
reproduces via binary fission
|
|
short generation time
|
|
Capsule
|
polysaccharide/protein surrounds cell wall; sticks; prevents dehydration
|
|
Fimbriae
|
hair-like; stick
|
|
Sex pili
|
longer than fimbriae; sexual conjugation(exchange DNA)
|
|
Taxis
|
movement
|
|
chemotaxis
|
toward or away from a chemical
|
|
phototaxis
|
toward or away from light
|
|
Flagella
|
motor (ATP driven pump); filament(whip line); 42 different proteins but only half are used
|
|
-chemical recyling
|
|
-decomposers
|
|
-use CO2 to form sugar & oxygen
|
|
- nitrogen fixing
|
|
increase soil nutrients
|
|
cocci – spherical
|
|
bacilli - rod-shaped
|
|
spirilla/spirochetes - spiral
|
|
|
|
diplococci (2)
|
|
streptococci (in a line/chain)
|
|
staphylococci (in a clump)
|
|
- no membrane bound organelles; no nucleus
|
|
Plasmids - small units of DNA
|
|
DNA = large chromosome nucleoid region
|
|
endospore - environment not beneficial; copies DNA chromosomes
|
|
Photoautotroph
|
uses light; CO2, HCO-3
|
|
Chemoautotroph
|
uses inorganic chemicals; C)2, HCO-3
|
|
Photoheterotroph
|
uses light; organic compounds
|
|
Chemoheterotrophs
|
organic compounds; organic compounds
|
|
Aerobic- use O2
|
|
Fermentation/Anaerobic - no O2
|
|
Obligate aerobes
|
|
must use O2 - for cellular respiration
|
|
Obligate Anaerobes
|
|
cannot use O2
|
|
Facultative anaerobes
|
|
can use O2 but does not have to
|
|
Gram Positive (+)
|
Gram Negative (-)
|
|
simple cell walls, large peptidoglycan, 1 inner membrane
|
complex cell wall, small peptidoglycan, outer and inner membrane
|
|
purple
|
pink
|
|
1. Rapid Reproduction - binary fission (offsprings are identical
|
|
2. Mutation - low rate (short generation times = large population)
|
|
3. Genetic Recombination - different DNA's combined
|
|
Transformation
|
|
-replaces it's own DNA w/ foreign DNA
|
|
Transduction
|
|
-involves a phage(virus) to infect fragments of DNA to another bacterial cell. = recombinant cell
|
|
Conjugation
|
|
-DNA is transferred in 1 direction thru a mating bridge (pilus)
|
|
-replicates complementary strand from a donor and recipient cell
|
|
-F factor as part of either plasmid or circular chromosome
|
No comments yet.
Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
