Pt 1: Cardiovascular - Arrhythmias, Valvular disease, Heart failure, Coronary artery disease, & Pericardial disease
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Definition:
- Irregular heartbeat → electrical signals that coordinate the heart's beats don't work properly - Tachycardia: fast heartbeat/over 100BP () - Bradycardia: slow heartbeat/under 60BPM |
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Risk factors/causes:
- Structural: increasing age, males, hypertension, valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, congenital heart disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, myocarditis, pulmonary disease, post-surgical state, obesity, alcohol - Electrical: Channelopathies, genetic factors, lone (idiopathic) AF, autonomic imbalance |
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Pathophysiology & mechanism:
- ↓in effectiveness of heart contractions - Deficient or altered blood flow & tissue perfusion |
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Signs & symptoms:
- Light headedness - Fainting (possible) - Palpitations - Cardiac arrest (if severe) - Fatigue - SOB - Chest discomfort |
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Treatment: Medication, lifestyle change, invasive therapies, electrical devices, or surgery
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