This contains the content for Unit 1 for the 2021 AP Bio Exam. It includes the following: The structure and chemical properties of water, the makeup and properties of macromolecules, the structure of DNA and RNA.
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Polar (H2O)
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Solvent
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Cohesive Properties: Surface Tension & Adhesion
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Thermal Properties: High Specific Heat
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Surface Tension: Measure of how hard it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension b/c of the H bonding of surface molecules.
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Adhesion: Substances stick to each other. Water sticks to plant cells walls from H bonding.
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High Specific Heat: Before temp increase, water must absorb a lot of heat.
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Hydrophilic: Water-loving
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Hydrophobic: Water-fearing
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H+ = OH- (neutral ph)
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H+ > OH- (acidic)
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H+ < OH- (basic)
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0-6 = Acidic
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7 = Neutral
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8-14 = Basic
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Hydroxyl
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OH
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Polar
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Methyl
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CH3
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Nonpolar
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Carbonyl
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C=O
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Polar
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Carboxyl
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COOH
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Acidic
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Amino
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NH2
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Basic
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Sulfhydryl
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SH
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Polar
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Phosphate
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PO4
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Acidic
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Carbon.
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Oxygen.
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Hydrogen.
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Nitrogen.
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Phosphorus.
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Sulfur.
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Sodium.
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Calcium.
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Iron.
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Macromolecules
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Monomers
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Carbs
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Monosaccharides
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Proteins
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Amino acids
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Lipids
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Fatty acids
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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleotides
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Phosphate Group
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5-C Sugar
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Nitrogenous Base
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DNA
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RNA
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A - T
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A - U
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G - C
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G - C
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Double-stranded
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Single-stranded
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Deoxyribose sugar
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Ribose sugar
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Cytosine
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Uracil
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Thymine
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*Think: CUT PIE
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Adenine
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Guanine
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*Think: GREEN APPLES are PURE!
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