guide to Bronchodilator medications
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Prototype: Aminophylline
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Inhibits release of inflammatory chemicals
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S/S relief and prevention of asthma
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Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD
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Acute/Critical asthma attack/bronchospasm
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Pregnancy category: C
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Lactation
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GI issues such as PUD & Gastritis
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Heart disease
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Respiratory dysfunction: chronic persistent hypoxia
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Renal/Hepatic disease; Chronic ETOH
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Hyperthyroid
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Parenteral use increases risk & severity of Adverse Effects
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10-20 mcg/mL: uncommon AE
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Levels 20-25 mcg/mL: N/V/D, HA, irritability, insomnia
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Levels >30-35 mcg/mL: hyperglycemia, cardiac effects, seizures/brain damage, & death
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Nicotine: Increases speed of metabolism of drug; dose adjustment required if wanting to quit
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Smoking education: contact provider if wanting to quit
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Monitor serum drug concentration level regularly
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Prototype: Epinephrine
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Dilates bronchi & increases RR rate and depth
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Anytime bronchoconstriction is occurring
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Cardiac disease
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Vascular disease
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Arrhythmias
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Diabetes
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Hyperthyroidism
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CNS stimulation: anxiety/nervousness
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GI upset
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Rapid/Racing heartbeat
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HTN
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Bronchospasm
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Sweating, pallor, flushing
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LABA (another category of sympathomimetics) increase risk of Asthma related death
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Give 30-60 min. before exercising
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LABA: used as preventive treatment; not used to treat acute symptoms
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Prototype: Ipratropium
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Inhibits vagus nerve stimulation resulting in bronchodilation
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Individuals who cannot tolerate side effects of Sympathomimetics
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Peanut/Soy allergy
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Acute Bronchospasm
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Narrow Angle Glaucoma
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Bladder neck obstruction or BPH
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Conditions worsened by anticholinergic effects
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Pregnancy/lactation
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CNS effects
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Dry mouth
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Palpitations
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Urinary retention
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Sore throat
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Avoid other anticholinergic medications because they will potentiate the adverse effects
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Avoid other anticholinergic medications because they will potentiate the adverse effects
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