General Drug info regarding Insulin
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Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
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Converts glucose into glycogen
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Stops release of fats
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Stops release of fats
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Stops gluconeogenesis
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Starts producing glycogen & fat
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Converts amino acids into proteins
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Converts fatty acids into triglycerides
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Moves Potassium into cells
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Type 1, 2, or gestational diabetes
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(DOC in pregnancy due to limited adverse effects and inability to cross placenta)
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Elderly
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Renal patients b/c insulin can accumulate
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hold medication if blood glucose <50
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Timing:
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varies depending on type of insulin
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SubQ
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all types
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IV/IM
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only regular insulin (short acting)
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Insulin pump
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only rapid acting
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Inhaled
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only rapid acting
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Types
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Onset
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Peak
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Duration
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Rapid
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10-20 min
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0.5-2 hr.
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3-5 hr
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Short
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30-60 min
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2.5 hr
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6-12 hr
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Intermediate
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1-1.5 hr
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4-14 hr
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24 hr
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Long-Acting
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60-70 min
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None
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24 hr
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Educated about sick day rules
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Educated about long-term complications of diabetes
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Rotate administration sites to prevent lipodystrophy
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Life-long treatment (T1D)
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Wear a medical alert bracelet
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Store unopened insulin in fridge
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Discard insulin after 30 days of use
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Beta Blockers
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mask signs of hypoglycemia
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Steroids
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decrease effectiveness of insulin
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Alcohol
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Can cause increased or decreased blood glucose levels
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MAOIs
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Thiazide
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Hypoglycemia
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Lipodystrophy
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Hypokalemia
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DKA
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