Bugs-Drugs Cheat Sheet

Gram-p­ositive bacteria, identi­fiable by their thick cell walls staining purple, are targeted by antibi­otics like penici­llin, glycop­eptides (e.g., vancom­ycin), and lipope­ptides (e.g., daptom­ycin) that disrupt cell wall synthesis or membrane integrity, depending on the bacter­ium­'s resistance and infection site.

Pneumonia (PNA) is the infectious disease of the Lower Respir­atory Tract. The 3 main routes of inocul­ation are inhaled, bloods­tream, and aspira­tion.

Gram-n­egative bacteria have thin cell walls with an outer membrane, staining red in the Gram stain process. They are treated with antibi­otics such as aminog­lyc­osides, cephal­osp­orins, and fluoro­qui­nol­ones, which target protein synthesis, cell wall synthesis, and DNA replic­ation, respec­tively, adapting to their unique outer membrane and resistance mechan­isms.

Urinary Tract Infections can be acquired via Ascending (urethral coloni­zation with fecal flora) or Descending (blood­stream → kidneys).
Uncomp­licated is defined as UTI in young, otherwise healthy females.
Compli­cated is defined as everyone else (e.g. Pyelon­eph­ritis, Prosta­titis, Cathet­er/­Nos­ocomial related UTIs, and Renal stones)