The Z Shell Basics cheatsheet is a quick reference for common Unix commands in the Zsh shell. Unix commands are core utilities, while a shell (like Zsh) is an interpreter that runs these commands. Zsh is a popular shell with enhancements over the traditional Bourne Shell (sh) and Bash.
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pwd
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Print working directory
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mkdir <directory>
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Create a new directory
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rmdir <directory>
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Remove an empty directory
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cd <directory>
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Change directory
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↳ Use < .. > to go up one level, < ~ > for home directory, or < - > for the previous directory.
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ls <flag>
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List files and directories
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-l
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Long format
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-a
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All entries
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-h
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Human-readable sizes
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-t
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Sort by modification time
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-r
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Reverse order
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-d
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List directory (meta)
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grep <pattern> <file>
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Search pattern in a file
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find <path> <expression>
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↳ Search for files and directories within a directory hierarchy:*
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-name
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(by name)
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-type d
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(by directories)
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-type f
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(by files)
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locate <filename>
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Quickly find files by name
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man <command>
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Display the manual page. Press { q } to exit.
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<command> --help
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Brief help message.
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Linux
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Open source Unix-like operating system (OS) built on Linux kernel, commonly used for servers and supercomputers.
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Shell
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Text-based user interface (UI) for accessing the operating system's services.
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CLI
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The concept of interacting with the shell; accessed via a Terminal app.
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touch <file>
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Create an empty file or update a file’s timestamp
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cp <src> <dest>
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Copy files and dirs
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↳ Add { -r } to copy directories recursively.
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mv <src> <dest>
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Move or rename files/dirs
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rm <file>
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Remove files
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↳ Use with caution! Add < -r > to remove directories and their contents, < -f > to force removal without prompting.
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cat <file>
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Print file contents to screen
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less <file>
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View file content page-by-page
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head <file>
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Display the first few lines of a file (default 10)
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tail <file>
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Display the last few lines of a file (default 10)
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↳ Add < -f > to follow the file as it grows.
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⌃ A
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Beginning of line
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⌃ E
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End of line
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⌃ F
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Forward one character
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⌃ B
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Back one character
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⌃ U
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Delete the current line
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⌃ K
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Delete from cursor to EOL
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⌃ W
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Delete one word (backward)
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⌃ D
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Delete one char (forward)
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FN + ⌦
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Delete one char (forward)
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⌃ L
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Clear the screen
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⌘ K
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Clear history
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⌃ _
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Undo the last change
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⌃ C
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Terminate the running foreground process
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⌃ Z
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Suspend the running foreground process
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⌃ D
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Exit current shell (when line is empty)
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↑
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Recall the previous command in history
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↓
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Recall the next command in history
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⌃ R
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Search the command history
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⌃ G
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Escape from command search mode
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!!
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Execute the last typed command
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!pw
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Run last command that begins with <pw> (e.g., !cd)
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