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The Brain Cheat Sheet

A Education › Psychology cheat sheet in English by cwojo

Cheat sheet going over the areas and function of the brain

Brain
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Areas of the Brain

Area:
Function:
Frontal Lobe
Motor control, problem solving, and speech produc­tio­n(B­roc­a's area)
Parietal Lobe
Body orient­ation, sensory discri­min­ation, and touch perception
Temporal Lobe
Auditory proces­sing, Memory, inform­ation retrieval, language compre­hen­sio­n(W­ern­ick­e's area)
Occipital Lobe
Visual reception and interp­retaion
Cerebellum
Balance and coordi­nation
Brainstem
Breathing, heart rate, and temper­ature

Cerebral Cortex

The most prominent part of the brain. The cellular layers on the outer surface of cerebral hemisp­heres. Divided in half and connected by to bundles of axons: the corpus callopsum and anterior commisure.

Frontal Lobe

Contains the prefrontal cortex, Broca's Area, and precentral gyrus. Emotional control center and home of our person­ality. Plays a role in motor control, problem solving, and speech produc­tion.

Prefrontal Cortex

Integr­ation center for all sensory inform­ation and other areas of the cortex, higher cognitive function, and decision making.

Precentral Gyrus

Primary motor cortex: fine motor movement

Parietal Lobe

Contains the Postce­ntral Gyrus. Role in touch sensat­ions, muscle­-st­retch receptors, joint receptors. Processing and integr­ating inform­ation about eye, head, and body positions from muscles and joints. Role in spatial and numerical proces­sing.

Postce­ntral Gyrus

Primary somato­sensory cortex

Temporal Lobe

The lateral portions of each hemisp­heres by temples. Role in auditory inform­ati­on/­pro­cessing spoken language, and aspects of vision. Contains Wernic­ke's Area.

Occipital Lobe

Contains the Striate Cortex. Role in visual input. Damage causes cortical blindness.

Striate Cortex

Primary Visual Cortex

Central Sulcus

Prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somato­sensory cortex.

Divisions of the Central Nervous System

The Brain:
Forebrain
Telenc­ephalon
Isocortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System
 
Dience­phalon
Thalamus and Hypoth­alamus
Midbrain
Mesenc­ephalon
Hindbrain
Metanc­ephalon
Cerebellum and Pons
 
Myelen­cep­halon
Medulla
The Spinal Cord

Areas of the Brain

Areas of the Brain

Corpus Callosum

Thick band of nerve fibers that connect the two hemisp­heres.

Anterior Commissure

Works with the posterior commissure to link the two cerebral hemisp­heres of the brain and also interc­onnects the amygdalas and temporal lobes, contri­buting to the role of memory, emotion, speech and hearing.

Cerebellum

Regulates motor movement, balance, and coordi­nation. It is important for shifting between auditory and visual stimuli.

Pons

Part of the brainstem that links your brain to your spinal cord. Handles uncons­cious processes, such as your sleep-wake cycle.

Medulla

Where your cardio­vas­cular and respir­atory systems link together. Controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and more.

Brainstem

Contains the hindbrain and the midbra­in(­exc­luding the cerebe­llum). Regulates most of the body's automatic functions that are essential for life.

Striatum

Contains neuronal activity related to movements, rewards and the conjun­ction of both movement and reward. Striatal neurons show activity related to the prepar­ation, initiation and execution of movements

Ventral Tegmental Area(VTA)

Regulates reward consum­ptions, learning, memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine release.

Reticular Formation

Represents the archaic core of those pathways connecting the spinal cord and the brain. It subserves autonomic, motor, sensory, behavi­oral, cognitive, and mood-r­elated functions.

The Limbic System

Olfactory Bulb
Hypoth­alamus
Hippoc­ampus
Amygdala
Cingulate Gyrus

The Limbic System

The Limbic System

Thalamus

Subcor­tical structure that is the relay station between the sensory organs and cortex. Plays a role in sleep, wakefu­lness, consci­ous­ness, learning and memory.

Hypoth­alamus

Subcor­tical structure near the base of the brain. Conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones. Plays a role in eating, drinking, sexual behaviors, and other motivated behaviors.

Pituitary Gland

Hormone producing gland at the base of the hypoth­alamus.

Basal Ganglia

Comprised of the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus. Plays a role in planning motor movement, aspects of memory and emotional expres­sion, attention, and language planning.

Hippoc­ampus

Limbic system structure located between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Stores certain types of memory, partic­ularly new events. Area of neurog­enesis.

Amygdala

Two almond shaped nuclei within the temporal lobes. Processing fearful and threat­ening stimuli. Includes threat detection and activation of fear-r­elated behaviors in response to a threat.

Pineal Gland

Main function is to receive inform­ation about the state of the light-dark cycle from the enviro­nment and convey this inform­ation by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin

Anatomy of Cut Brain

Anatomy of Cut Brain

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