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Cell-mediated
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Humoral
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4H8C
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B lymphocyte bind Ag -> Plasma cell -> Ab
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- IgE mediated
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- Systemic anaphylactic rxn
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1st exposure
|
|
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Bind Ab to mast cell
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|
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2nd exposure
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Immediate
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Late phase
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1. Sensitized mast cell bind Ag
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recruit eosinophils
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2. Granulation + release mediators
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same symptoms, last longer
|
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Clinical features
|
|
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H&L: Edema, Mucus Secretion, Sm spasm
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Eosinophil damage epithelial cell, activate mast cell
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Recruited cell amplify& sustain response w/ additional exposure
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Mediators
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|
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Primary
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Lipid
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1. Vasoactive amines (Histamine)
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1. Leukotrients
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2. Enzymes
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2. Prostaglandin D2
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3. Proteogycans
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3. Platlet-activiating factor
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Cytokines
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--> TNF,IL-1,Chemokines
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- Opportunistic infection from HIV (intravenous injection)
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- Bind & kill CD4+
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- HIV infect CD4+ helper T lymphocytes, Dendritic cell& macrophages
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Hallmark
|
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- Loss of 1.Cell-mediated & 2. Humoral immunity
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- Incompatible blood transfusion
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Cell destruction by
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1. Opsonisation& Phagocytosis
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2. Inflammation
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3. Cellular dysfunction
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- Deposition of insoluble Ag-Ab complexes
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Phase I: Formation of blood-borne complex
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II: Deposition in tissues& Activate complement
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III: Attract leukocytes& Vessel+Tissue injury
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Direct CD8+
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Attack all infected cell w./ recognised Ag
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Delayed CD4+
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Activated T cell release damaging cytokines
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Ag: Self cells e.g. Nucleus
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Ab: Autoantibodies
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- ANA, Antipospholipid, Anticytoplasmic
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Clinical expression
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- After allocrafts
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- Immune system react w./ foreign MHC -> reject& destroy
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- Cell-mediated hypersensitivity & Humoral response
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- Inflammation, necrosis & organ destruction
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