Nursing Care of the Child with an infectious, inflammatory disorders
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Infection Agent
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This infectious agent is any microorganism that is capable of producing an infection.
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• Autoclaving instruments destroys an infectious agent
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Reservior Host
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This is the place where the microorganism resides. it can be a food, water, or human source
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• Eliminating water and refrigeration of food
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Route of Transmission
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can be direct or indirect transmission which involves an intermmediate
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• washing of hands helps prevent transmission.
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Susceptible Host
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This is the person who is susceptible to an infection. A compromised host is a person at increased risk.
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Portal of Entry
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This is the place where the infectious agent enters the body
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• A needle stick entry allows agent to enter host.
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Portal of Exit
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In order for an etiologic agent to establish an infection, the microorganism must leave the reservior.
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Parotitis
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Mumps
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Agent
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Mumps virus
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Incubation
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14-21 days
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Per. of com.
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Shortly before & after onset of parotitis
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Transmission
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Direct & indirect contact.
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Symptoms
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fever, headache, anorexia, malaise
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Treatment
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Analgesic for pain and antipyretic
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Helminths are pathogenic or parasitic worms
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• Namatodes
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Roundworms
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• Trematodes
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Flukes
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• Cestodes
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Tapeworms
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Reservoir
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eggs of feces or urine
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Transmission
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oral cavity by food or hands
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Organisms that live on and obtain their food supply. Frequently seen parasites in children are lice and scabies
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Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)
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Sx
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Small, white flecks on hair shaft, Extreme pruritus
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Treatment
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Wash with shampoo, fine toothed comb
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Pediculosis (Public lice)
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Sx
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Same as for head lice except on pubic hair
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Treatment
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same as head lice
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Scabies (Female mite)
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Sx
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Black burrow filled w/ mite feces 1-2 in.
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Treatment
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wash area with lindane or permethrin
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Pathogen any organism that causes disease:
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Viruses, bacteria
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rickettsiae
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Helminths
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Fungi
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4 Phases or Periods
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Incubation: time between entry and onset of symptoms
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Prodromal: time when person feels abnormal or weak
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Illness: person feels typical symptoms.
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Convalescent: person recovers from the infection
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Exanthem Subitum
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Roseola infantum
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viral infection of very young children that causes high fever followed by a rash. ages 6 mos to 3 yrs.
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Agent
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Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)
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Incubation
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Approx. 10 days
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Per. of com.
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During febrile period
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Transmission
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Unknown
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Symptoms
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high fever, rash develops
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Treatment
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measures to reduce discomfort
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Rubella
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German Measles
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Affects older school age and adolescent
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Agent
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Rubella virus
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Incubation
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14 to 21 days
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Per. of com.
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approx 7-5 days after rashes appear
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Transmission
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Direct and indirect contact w/ droplets
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Symptoms
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fever, malaise, anorexia, conjuctivitis.
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Treatments
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reduce discomfort of rash & fever
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Rubeola
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Measles (koplik's spot)
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Sometimes called brown or black, regular or 7day measles to differentiate it from rubella. (german 3days)
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Agent
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Measles virus
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Incubation
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10-12 days
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Per. of com.
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5th day till the first few days of rashes
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Transmission
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Direst & indirect contact w/ droplets
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Symptoms
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fever, malaise, coryza, conjunctivitis.
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Treatment
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reduce discomfort of rash and fever
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Varicella
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Chicken Pox
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It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
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Agent
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Varicella zoster virus
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Incubation
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10-12 days
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Per. of com.
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day before rash to 5-6 days after
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Transmission
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Direct & indirect contact.
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Symptoms
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fever, malaise, lesions, vesicle to crust
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Treatment
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antihistamine, antipyretic, acyclovir
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Herpes Zoster
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Shingles
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Once you have had chickenpox, varicella-zoster virus remains in your body's nerve tissues and never really goes away. Herpes zoster could be activated
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Agent
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Varicella zoster virus
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Incubation
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2-12 days
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Per. of com.
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day before rash to 5-6 days after
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Transmission
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Direct & indirect contact.
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Symptoms
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pruritus, cutaneous vesicular lesions
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Treatment
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acyclovir, analgesia for pain
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Variola
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Smallpox
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Agent
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Smallpox virus
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Incubation
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7-17 days
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Per. of com.
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from onset of rash till crust shed
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Transmission
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Direct & indirect contact.
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Prodromal
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3-4 days of chills, fever, vomiting
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Symptoms
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macules, papules, vesicles & pustules
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Treatment
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VIG to suppress symptoms & antibiotics
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Poliovirus
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Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis)
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Agent
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Polio virus
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Incubation
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7-17 days
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Per. of com.
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1-6 weeks. before onset of Sx
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Transmission
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Direct & indirect contact.
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Symptoms
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Fever, nausea, body pain, vomiting
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Treatment
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bed rest, analgesia, moist hot packs
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Agent
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Rabies virus
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Incubation
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2-6 weeks as long as 12 months
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Per. of com.
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3-2 days before onset of Sx
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Transmission
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Bite of rabid animals, saliva
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Symptoms
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hyperexcitability, twitching, seizure
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Treatment
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Rabies vaccine and anti-rabies serum
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• A genus of small, rod-shaped, round to pleomorphic
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• True bacteria, gram neg, cultivable in living tissues
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Pathogenesis
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Replicate in endothelial cells, skin rash
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Transmission
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Transmitted by lice, fleas, ticks, mites
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Children fungi can cause superficial infection on skin, nails and hair like oral thrush
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Superficial
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on the skin
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Subcutaneous
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Tissues under the skin
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Systemic
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in deeper tissues
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