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The process of breathing out
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Disease caused by smoking
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1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm realx.
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1. It can cause cancer
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2. Throrax volume decreases
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2. It can cause lung diseases by damiging your airways and the alvioli found in the lungs
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3. Air is forced out
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3. It affects the heart and blod vessesl
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1. Leaves are broad so there's large surface area exposed to light
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2. Most of the chloroplasts are found in the palisade layer so it can get the most light
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3. The upper epidemis is transparent so that light can pass through it to the palisade layer
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4. Leaves have a network of vascular bundles which deliver water and it helps support the leaf structure
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5. The waxy cuticle helps to reduce water loss by evaporation
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Light
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Carbon Dioxide
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Temperature
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Chlorophyll uses light energy to perform photosynthesis
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CO2 is one of the raw materials needed for photosynthesis
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Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis because it affects the enzymes involved
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Plants
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Animals
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Bacteria
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Multicellular
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Multicellular
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Single-celled and microscopic
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Have chloroplasts which means they can photosynthesise
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No chloroplast
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Some can photosynthesise
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They have cell walls made out of cellulose
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No cell walls
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No nucleus
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Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
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Store carbohydrates as glycogen
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They feed off other organisms - both living and dead
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Most have nervous coordination and can move around.
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They have circular chromosomes of DNA
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Osmosis is the net mocement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water consentration to a region of lower water concentration
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Benedict's test for Glucose
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Iodine test for Starch
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- Add Benedict's reagent (blue) to a sample and heat it. Make sure the solution doesn't boil.
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- Just add iodine solution to the test sample
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■ If Glucose is present it will form a coloured precipitate
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■ If starch is present the sampe changes from browny-yellow to blue-black colour
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■ Blue -> Green -> Yellow -> Orange -> Brick Red
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■ If there is no starch it stays browny-yellow
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Nitrates
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Potassium
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Contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins. These are needed for cell growth.
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To help the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration.
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Independent
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Dependent
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The variable you CHANGE
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The variable you MEASURE
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Biotic
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Abiotic
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Living
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Non-Living
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Change
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Organism
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Repeat
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Measure x 2
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Same x 2
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
