Philosophy Reviewer for Periodical Test
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merely asking
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intense search for deeper meaning
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Miletus, Greece
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the birthplace of philosophy in the west
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Thales of Miletus
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first philosopher in the west
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widest generalizations
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Philosophers talk about the truth, the good, the just, the beautiful, and the existence of practically all things
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fundamentals
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knowledge wont make sense without philosophical ideas like consciousness and existence
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desire to integrate things into one coherent whole
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find the One in the many
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Metaphysics
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about human reality like the origin and existence
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Epistemology
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nature of the human knowledege and how to obtain it
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Ethics
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moral questions and dillemas
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Aesthetics
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establish the criteria of beauty
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Logic
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deals with correct reasoning
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Aristotle
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All men desire to know
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Plato
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to quench his sense of wonder
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Rene Descartes
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to doubt
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Socrates
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the start of wisdom is docta ignorantia
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Karl Jaspers
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because of experience
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Holistic Perspective
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conclusions are made without looking at all sides of the problem
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Partial Point of View
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looking at all aspects of the situation and then making a conclusion
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Learning from past mistakes and not repeaating them
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Evaluating the best options from the options
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Have a holistic point of view before making conclusion
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Correspondence Theory of Truth
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concepts are true when they correspond to the reality of the world.
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Coherence Theory of Truth
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ideas are inter-related system
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Pragmatic Theory of Truth
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A pragmatist can consider something to be true without needing to confirm that it is universally true.
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Source
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knowing the origin of the information
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Reliability
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reputation and credibility of the person
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Purpose
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reason for the opinion
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Assumption
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once accepts as fuct but no effort to prove it
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Methodic Doubt
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any claim that can be doubted is not believable
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Socratic Method
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teacher-student, one ask question, one answers
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Dialectic
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exchange of logical arguments
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Scientific
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gaining conclusion from scientific experiments, methods etc
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Historical
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based on trying to understand past human affairs
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Ad hominem
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attacking the person not the argument
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Ad baculum
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appeal by force
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Ad misericordiam
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appeal by using pity and emotion
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Ad populum
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bandwagon, acceptable because many are accepting it
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Ad Antiquitatem
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acceptable because it has been true for a long time
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Petitio Principii
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begging the question
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Fallacy of Composition
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combining words instead of taking them seperately
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Fallacy of division
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assuming that if its true for the whole is also true for each parts
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Ad verecundiam
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appeal by shame
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Dicto Simpliciter
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argument based on unqualified generalization
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Facts
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something that can be verified as true
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Opinion
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subjective
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Beliefs
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statements with conviction that are not easily explained by facts
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Explanation
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statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons
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Conclusion
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judgement based on facts
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Fallacies
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arguments based on faulty reasoning
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Arguments
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provides reasons to convince reader or listener for a claim to be true
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Bias
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disaproportionate weight in favor or against something. Can be both positive and negative.
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
