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ABM
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determine proper time to open a branch, can help businesses strategize
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HUMSS
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provide solutions to social problems,deal with societal behaviours and issues
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Engineers, Architects and Other builders
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helps providing designs, create new materials and better procedures
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Objective
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seeks accurate measurement and analysis, not based on intuition and guesses, data are gathered before proposing conclusion
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Clearly Defined Research Questions
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know in advance what are the questions needed, well defined and carefully designed
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Structured Research Instruments
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questionairres to collect measurable data
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Numerical Data
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uses table, charts, graphs and figures.
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Large Sample Size
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uses large sample size to avoid bias in the results
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Replication
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can be repeated for verification and confirmation
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Future Outcomes
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if then scenarios can be made to predict future results
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Objective
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Requires a large number of respondents
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Easily Understandable Data
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Costly
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Numerical Data can be Analyzed
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Information factors for interpreting results are usually ignored
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Replicable
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Sensitive Information are hard to gather
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Data from surveys might be inaccurate or incomplete
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Descriptive
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describes characteristics of target population
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Correlational Research
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measures two variables and understand the statistical relationship of it.
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Quasi-experimental
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involves manipulation of variables but no random assignments of participants to certain conditions
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True Experimental
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adheres to scientific design, has hypothesis, has variables that can be measured and done in controlled environment
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Independent
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cause variable, changes on it affect dependent variable
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Dependent
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outcome variable, changes on indepent variable affects DV.
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Continous
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can be an infinite number on its value has two types.
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Discrete
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has limited number of distinct values and cannot be divided into fractions
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Nominal Variable
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no quantitative value, can be group or categorized
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Ordinal Variable
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has categories that can be ranked.
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Interval
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no clear definitions of zero, values have meaning
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Ratio
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clear definitions of zero, values have meaning
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Type of Data
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Analytical Method
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What is my research Problem?
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What statistical method will I use(mean,median,mode etc.))
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What kind of Variables will I use?
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What research tools will I use?
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What hypothesis will my research have?
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Properly defining a research problem
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Source of a problem(pressing issues and current events)
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Wide reading and Film Criticism
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Social Networking
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Previous Research Findings
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Choose a broad topic
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interesting,significant and relevant to your field
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Do preliminary research
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read journals, articles, past researches etc.
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Define the problem
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list questions that you want to research,
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Refine the question
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narrow down your question by limiting the population, place,period etc.
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Determine what is needed to be accomplish in the study
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One to two sentences that states the objectives
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Include important keywords and variables
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Shorten into a simpler phrase or a single word
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Main thought of the study retained.
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Coorect grammar and punctuation errors.
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Observe proper formatting
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studioes must not be discussed in full details
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the length and depth background information depends on the amount of how much the reader should know
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defining the topic and audience
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Cites sources and put quotation marks in verbatim quotes
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Keep your bg focused and balanced
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should critical, consistent and logically structured.
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Research Background
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Introduction
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In depth discussion on the topic
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Preliminary data about your topic
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No such mandatory format
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End with your research questions, aims and objectives
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Introductory part of paper with the purpose of relaying the importance of the research paper
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More comprehensive and thoroughly discuss the studies mentioned in the bg of research
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General Research
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derived from the research problem
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Specific Research
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anchored on the general research problem
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Qualitative Research
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Quantitative Research
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how and why of things
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"what" and exact quantifiable answer.
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key to the research study
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research discussion begins and end in research questions
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if research question is wrong, the study is also wrong
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Feasible
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can be done and possible
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Clear
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understandable and specific
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Significant
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contributes to an issue or to society
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Ethical
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consider welfare of people, animals and whoever involved in the study
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Scope
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What to include, the coverage of the study
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Delimitations
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What to exclude, the factors not included and not will be dealt in the study.
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Topic of the study
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Objectives or problems to be addressed
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Time frame
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Locale of the study
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Characteristics of the study
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Methods and Research Instruments
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Delimitations
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Limitation
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limitations that arose during the study
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variables included before the conduct of the study
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Should be researchable
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should not contain insuffient detail and information
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Be important
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not to general nor too specific
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Indicate the type of research
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Clear
|
|
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include terms that are easily understandable
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Conceptual
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meaning attributed to the word and understood by many people
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Operational
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meaning of the concept/terms and how it is used in the study
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Functions
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rules and procedure the investigators will use
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Conceptual Framework
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actual ideas, beliefs and theories that supports the study
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Theoretical Framework
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anchored on time-tested theories that relate to the findings of the investigation
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Theoretical Framework
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Conceptual Framework
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broader, can be used in different studies
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narrowed, directly related to a specific study
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theory used already in the field
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related concepts for specific study
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presents one theory
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synthesize two or more theories
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already existing before conduct of the study
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developed while planning and writing a specific research
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Search for relevant literature
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Evaluate and Select sources
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Identify themes, debates and gaps
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Outline your literature review's structure
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Write it
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American Psychological Association(APA)
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education, psychology and sciences
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Chicago Manual of Style(CMS))
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business, history and the fine arts
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Vancouver Style of Reference
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Health sciences
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Modern Language Association
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Humanities
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Chicago Style
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usage of footnotes
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Vancouver
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number tracking, number refers to unique sources
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APA
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clear and consistent presentation, has certain guidelines that should be observed
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MLA
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brief parenthetical citation
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Author
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Full Surname, Initials of first and middle
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Title
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Italicized the title
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Copyright date
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after author's name
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Publishing date
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usually after author's name too
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More than one author
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list them all down in the order they appear
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More than three authors
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use et al. after the first author
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Anonymous
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use the first name found
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thesis, dissertations and other unpublished works
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name of references written
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Online materials
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retrieved from is no longer necessary, only link is needed.
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
