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Dissociation
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when highly soluble ionic compounds break apart/dissociate into their components in solutions
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Dissolving
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when the substance doesn't break apart into its components
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Ionization
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the process by which an atom or molecule acquires a charge by gaining or losing electrons
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Electrolyte
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the aqueous solution conducts electricity, highly soluble ionic hydroxides (bases) and acids (molecular)
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Non-Electrolyte
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the aqueous solutions doesn't conduct electricity, most molecular compounds (except acids)
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Breaking bonds absorbs energy & forming new bonds releases energy
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Energy is absorbed to break ionic bonds and overcome the intermolecular forces among the water molecules
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Energy is released to form bonds between water and ions
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Percent volume by volume (%V/V)
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generally when a liquid is dissolved in a liquid
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Percent weight by volume (%W/V)
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generally when a solid is dissolved in a liquid
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Percent weight by weight (%W/W)
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generally a solid in solid
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Parts per million (ppm)
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1ppm = 1mg/kg (for dilute aqueous solutions, 1ppm = 1mg/1L)
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Amount concentration (M)
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moles/L
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The dissociation or ionization equations for compounds allows you to determine the amount concentration of either the ions or the compounds in solution
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The ion concentration is always equal to a whole number multiple of the compound concentration (the coefficient in the chemical equation)
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Saturated: maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent as a specific temperature
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Unsaturated: solution can dissolve more solute
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Super Saturated: can dissolve more with an increase in temperature
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Temperature
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as temperature increases, the solubility of a gas decreases
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Pressure
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the solubility of a gas increases as the partial pressure of the gas above a solution increase
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Temperature
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solubility increases with temperature
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Pressure
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very little effect on the solubility of liquids and gases
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Chromatography: a technique that can be used to separate out, most commonly, different coloured solutes (pigments) in a solutions
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Distillation: a technique use to separate solutions of 2 or more liquids by using their differential boiling points
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Fractional Distillation: when multiple liquids (fractions) are mixed in a solution or the boiling points are very similar, they use many different condensation plates to condense and re-vaporize to allow a more pure solution to rise through the column
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
