Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Glipizide (Glucotrol)
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Hypoglycemia
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Nausea, diarrhea
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Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, tachycardia, fatigue, excessive hunger, tremors).
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If the client is conscious, give glucose orally in either pill form, 2–3 tsp of sugar, glass of orange juice, honey, or corn syrup dissolved in water.
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If the client is not conscious, give intravenous glucose; give parenteral glucagon if IV not available
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Check the client’s blood glucose every 15–20 minutes.
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Continue treatment until the blood glucose has returned to the expected reference range and the client is no longer symptomatic.
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Monitor for persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
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Monitor CBC levels
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Give orally 30 min before selected meal.
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Make sure clients swallow the sustained-release form whole and do not crush or chew it.
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Wear a medical alert bracelet.
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Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia.
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Test blood glucose to confirm.
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Consume a snack of carbohydrates.
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Retest in 15 to 20 min and repeat if still low
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Carry a carbohydrate snack at all times.
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Pregnancy, lactation (insulin is recommended during pregnancy)
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
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Renal or hepatic dysfunction
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Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency
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Alcohol poses a risk for a disulfiram (Antabuse)-like reaction (nausea, palpitations, flushing) and increases hypoglycemic effects.
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Sulfonamide antibiotics, NSAIDs, oral anticoagulants, salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and cimetidine (Tagamet) increase hypoglycemic effects.
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Thiazides counteract hypoglycemic effects
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Beta blockers mask manifestations of hypoglycemia
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