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DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
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1. Activation of Deoxyribonucleotides
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2. Unwinding of DNA
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3.Recognition of Initiation Point
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4.Formation of RNA primers
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5.Base Pairing
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6.Conversion of Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate to monophosphate
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7.Formation of new DNA chains on RNA primers
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8.Editing and Proof reading and DNA Repair
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Topoisomerase- SS DNA bread= Release tension
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Helicase- Separation of two strands
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Primase- RNA Primer synthesis
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SSBP- Stops two strands from forming bonds.
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DNA Polymerase- Forms nucleotides or adds nucleotides to new strands.
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DNA ligase- Seals the DNA
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Phosphorylation
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AMP,GMP,TMP,CMP that are monophosphates of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are activated by Phosphorylation into triphosphate by uniting with ATP.
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Specific initiator proteins recognise the initiation point of DNA.
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Purines (A and G) pairs with Pyrimidines (C and T) by hydrogen bond.
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A forms double bond with T and G forms triple bond with C.
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This energy is utilised in joining the adjacent nucleotides to form polynucleotides chains.
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Process is catalysed by DNA Polymerase, Mn++ and Mg++ ions.
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DNA directed RNA polymerase synthesises a short priming strand of RNA called Primer.
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Enzyme Primase brings all polymerisation of RNA Primer.
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Helicase binds to ORI (Origin of Replication)
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Topoisomerase helps in making nick in DNA molecule at the origin. It can also reseal.
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To stablise single strand of DNA- Single stranded binding proteins(SSBP) gets attached
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Enzyme Pyrophosphatase hydrolyses the pyrophosphate into inorganic phosphate and energy.
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If any wrong base gets incorporated during DNA Replication, it is removed by DNA Polymerase.
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DNA Ligase joins newly synthesised DNA.
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