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Nervous System
rapid response to stimuli via electrical signals
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Endocrine System
long-term response using chemical signals (hormones)
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Sensor
detects environmental stimulus
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Integrator
receives and processes signals
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Effector
cells respond to regulatory signals
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Negative Feedback
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primary mechanism of homeostasis. Used to produce opposite effect of the change and bring back to homeostasis.
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Positive Feedback
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increases the effects of change produced by environmental stimulus. Does not bring back to homeostasis.
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Thermo- regulation
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Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation
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Heat Stress
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1) Monitor
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thermoreceptors of peripheral nervous system detect increased temp
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2) Coordinate
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hypothalamus signals CNS via motor nerves to sweat glands
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3) Regulate
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sweat glands initiate sweating, blood vessels dilate
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Cold Stress
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1) Monitor
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thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus using sensory neurons
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2) Coordinate
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hypothalamus sends message via motor neurons
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3) Regulate
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arterioles and smooth muscle of skin contract, captures heat, skeletal muscles contract- shivering
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Osmosis
water from high conc. to low conc.
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Osmoregulation
regulating osmotic pressure of bodily fluids and cells, management of bodies water and solute content
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Excretion
composition of bodily fluids. regulation of blood pH, volume, and pressure. Excretion of metabolic waste.
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Ammonia
released when liver breaks down proteins - by deamination. Very soluble and toxic. Must be diluted w/ H2O
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Urea
product of Ammonia and CO2. Conversion occurs in liver. Low toxicity.
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Uric Acid
product of nucleic acid breakdown. Released through liver metabolism. Non toxic and insoluble in H2O
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