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Alkane
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-ane
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Alkene
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-ene
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Alkyne
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-yne
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Cyclic
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cyclo-
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Aromatics
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-benzene
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Alcohol
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-ol
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Ether
|
-oxy- or -ether
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Aldehyde
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-al
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Keytone
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-one
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Carboxylic Acid
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-oic acid
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Ester
|
-oate
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Amine
|
-amine or amino-
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Amide
|
-amide
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Thiol
|
-thiol
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Forming Alkanes
Hydrogenation of Alkene (Addition RX)
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H2 + Alkene = Alkane
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Forming Alkenes
Dehydration of Alcohol
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Alcohol (H2SO4) = Alkene + H2O
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Substitution RX + Elimination RX
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Alkane + Halogen = Alkyl Halide + (HCL)
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Alkyl Halide + OH- = Alkene + (Cl) + H2O
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Forming Alcohols
Alkene + H2O =(H2SO) Alcohol
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HYDROGENATION RX
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Aldehyde (reducing agent) = 1 alcohol
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Keytone (reducing agent) = 2 alcohol
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Forming Ethers
CONDENSATION RX
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Alcohol + Alcohol (H2SO4) = Ether + H2O
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Forming Aldehydes
OXIDATION RX
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1 Alcohol + [O] = Aldehyde + H2O
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Forming Keytones
2 Alcohol + [O] = Keytone + H2O
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Forming Carboxylic Acids
Aldehyde + [O] = Carboxylic Acid
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Forming Esters (esterfication)
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol (H2SO4) = Ester + H2O
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Forming Amines
Alkyl Halide + Ammonia = Amine + HI
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Forming Amides
Carboxylic Acid + Ammonia (H2SO4) = Amide + H2O
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Combustion RX
Complete : __ + O2 = CO2 + H2O
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Incomp: __ + O2 = CO2 + H2O + CO + C
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Alkanes
SUBSTITUTION RX
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Alkenes & Alkynes
ADDITION RX
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Halogenation... Hydrogenation... Hydrohalogenation... Hydration
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Esters
HYDROLYSIS (soaponification)
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Ester + NaOH = Sodium Carboxylate + Alcohol
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Carboxylic Acid
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Alcohol
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Amines & Amides
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Aldehydes, Keytones, Esters
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Ethers & Alkyl Halides
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Alkenes & Aromatics
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Alkanes
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