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system made up of vessels that transport O
2, CO2, nutrients and waste products through the body |
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CLOSED SYSTEM:
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- blood never touches liquid between cells
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- exchange through capillaries
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ARTERIES
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- vessels that bring blood from the heart to the organs
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(usually oxigenated blood with nutrients)
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VEINS
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- vessels that bring blood from the organs to the heart
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(usually not oxigenated)
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CAPILLARIES
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- small blood vessels around the organs
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- delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the organs
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- absorb and carry out waste products
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ARTERIES
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=
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VEINS
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TUNICA ADVENTITIA=
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external layer
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fibrous connective tissue
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TUNICA MEDIA=
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middle layer
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smooth muscle
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TUNICA INTIMA=
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internal layer
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endothelium
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between layers of tunica=
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elastic tissue: elastine
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≠
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bigger smooth muscle
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VALVE
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stops the blood from going down
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CAPILLARIES
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endothelial cell
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thin for exchange of substances
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smooth muscle cell
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small layer
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PERICYTE:
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feeds endothelial cells
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--> like connective tissue
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SMALL CIRCULATION=
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connects the heart and the lungs
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pulmonary circulation
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BIG CIRCULATION=
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connects the heart and the organs
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systemic circulation
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RIGHT ATRIUM gets not oxigenated blood from the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR VENA CAVA
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blood passes through TRICUSPID VALVE into the RIGHT VENTRICLE, most of the blood passes while the hearth is relaxed (passive filling), then small contraction for the last drop
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CONTRACTION pushes the blood into the PULMONARY ARTERIES through the PULMONARY VALVE
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lungs where the blood exchange carbon dioxide for oxigen
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LEFT ATRIUM gets oxigenated blood from the PULMUNAR VEINS
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blood passes through BICUSPID or MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT VENTRICLE, most of the blood passes while the hearth is relaxed (passive filling), then small contraction for the last drop
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CONTRACTION pushes the blood into the AORTA through the AORTIC VALVE
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three+ one layer
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EPICARDIUM=
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thin external membrane
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connective tissue
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MYOCARDIUM=
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pumping action, most present
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cardiac muscle tissue
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↳gets nutriment and oxigen from:
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CORONARY ARTERIES
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ENDOCARDIUM=
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thin internal layer
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endothelium
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PERICARDIUM=
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protective, fluid-fille sac that surrounds the heart
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↳ provides lubrification
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↳ protect the heart from infections
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↳ hold the heart in place
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↳ keep the heart from expanding
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DIASTOLE=
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myocardio relaxed, atrium-ventricular valves open, blood circulates in atrio and ventricle, semilunar valves closed
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ATRIAL SISTOLE =
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contraction of the atries
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VENTRICULAR SISTOLE =
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ventricles starts to contract, pressure grows, atrioventricular valves closes, semilunar valves open
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PACEMAKER=
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SINOATRIAL NODE= generates a signal that spreads through the heart
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SISTOLE=
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relaxation
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DIASTOLE=
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CONTRACTION
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ATRIAL SISTOLE
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P wave=
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depolarization of the atrias with the spread of first signal
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atrial contraction→ increase the pressure→ pushes the blood into the ventricle
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ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
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QRS complex=
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depolarization of the ventricles with the spread of signal
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ventricular contraction
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ventricle contracts but the blood in the ventricle stays the same
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first sound: atrioventricular valves shutting
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valve are closed until the increase in the pressure is bigger thanthe pressure in the aorta
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EJECTION FASE
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rapid ejection: high pressure and first blood
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slow ejection: slower pressure and resistance from the vessels
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T wave=
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polarization of the ventricle for a new signal
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ISOLVOLUMETRICAL VENTRICLE RELAXATION
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ventricle relax
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pressure goes down
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valve closes and second sound
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respiratory sistem=
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get rid of CO2 and capture O2
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digestive system=
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bring nutrition to all the organs
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kidneys and urinary system=
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filtration of waste (nitrogenous substances)
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temperature control=
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vasodilatation to cool down
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excessive smoking and
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consumption of alcohol
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diabetes
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cholesterol too high
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overweight
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hypertension
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genes
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stress
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atherosclerosis=
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build up in vessels of platelets: they think fat is like an injury that has to be closed
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blood clot=
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vessels closed by a group of red cells
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trauma or injury
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heart disease
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vascular disorders
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congenital heart defects
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strokes
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TIA=
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symptoms only last for a short amount of time, temporary blocage
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ischaemic stroke=
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blockage cutting off the blood supply to the brain
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haemorrhagic stroke=
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bleeding in or around the brain
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cardiac failure=
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heart fails to circulate blood properly
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heart attack=
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one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked
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cardiac arrest=
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hearth doesn’t work
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cardiac arrhythmia=
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problem with the rate or rhythm of heartbeat
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aneurysm=
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weak or expanded part of an artery
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atherosclerosis=
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buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls
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thrombosis=
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blood clots block veins or arteries
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