AP BIOLOGY HEREDITARY
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Mitosis
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Cell Division
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Produces Daughter Cells
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Replaces Old Cells, Adds New
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Meiosis
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Production of Gametes
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Produces Daughter Cells with 1/2 as many chromosomes as the starting cell.
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Law of Dominance
One allele is dominant. It always shows unless it isn't present |
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Law of Segregation
During production of gametes, 2 copies of each allele separate. Therefore, one allele is needed from each parent. |
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Law of Independent Assortment
Individual alleles assort independently. This gives different traits equal chance of occurring together. |
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Incomplete dominance
Dominant allele partially expressed, resulting in an intermediate phenotype Example: Rr If Red is Dominant and White is recessive, the phenotype is pink. |
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Codominance
2 dominant alleles, Phenotype is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: In blood, types A and B are codominant, O is recessive. AB blood is therefore possible. |
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Sex-Linked Inheritance
A trait is associated with the X or Y chromosome. (Males can never be carrier). |
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Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple genes affect one trait Examples: Hair color, skin color, eye color) |
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Law of Dominance
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Pea Plants
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Law of Segregation
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Pea Plants
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Law of IA
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Mendelian Dyhybrid Cross (Peas)
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Incomplete Dom.
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Pink Roses
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Codominance
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AB Blood Type
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Sex Linked Inheritance
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Color Blindness, Muscular
Dystrophy, Hemophelia |
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Polygenic Inheritance
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Skin/Eye/Hair Color
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Epistasis
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Red Hair, Albinism
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Nondisjunction
failed separation of homologous chromosomes - aneuploidy (trisomy, polyploidy |
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