NURS601 Week 1 Concept 1: Too much/too little/not enough fluid
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Cause
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Symptoms
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No water (dehydration) - dehydration refers to loss of pure water without a corresponding loss of sodium
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Profuse sweating, hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, fevers, diarrhea, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
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No Salt
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Water intoxication, chronic illness, malnutrition, renal failure
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Both
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Losing both water & electrolytes e.g., hemorrhage, diarrhoea & vomiting
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Hypervolemia
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- Too much IV fluid, kidney failure, corticosteroids
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Water intoxication
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- CHF, ADH problems, IV fluids, psych problems, wound irrigation
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Too much sodium intake
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- Too much salt, 3% saline IV, too much NaHCO3
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Signs & symptoms
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What can you do?
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Low BP
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Fluids (oral if alert)
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Dry mouth, thirst
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IV - normal saline (no potassium until urine output is increased)
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Rapid weight loss
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Daily weight,
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Low urine output
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May need antidiarrheals, antiemetics, antibiotics, antipyretics
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Confusion, Lethargy
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Low grade fever
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Signs & symptoms
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What can you do?
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Rapid weight gain
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Diuretics
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Edema
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Fluid restriction (No IV fluids)
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High BP, bounding pulses
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Sodium restriction
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May have increased urine output
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Daily weights, stricts I/O's
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JVD (jugular vein distention), crackles, dyspnea
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Decreased LOC
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