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Keratin
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Highly Sensitive Marker for epithelial Cells
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Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA)
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High molecular weight protein that is helpful for determining the site of tumor
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Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
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Oncofetal antigen in carcinomas of GIT, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix
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Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TFF-1)
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Useful for distinguishing lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas from the mesothelium
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Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
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Extremely useful in diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma
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Actin
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Tumors of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle
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Vimentin
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Melanoma
Schwannomas |
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Desmin
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Leiomymoa
Rhabdomyosarcoma |
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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
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Astrocytoma
Ependomyomas Oligodendrogliomas Medulloblastoma |
If negative: Non-CNS Tumors
Meningiomas Metastatic Carcinomas Lymphomas |
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Neurofilaments
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Neurofilaments (NF)
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Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuromas Chemodectomas Pheochromocytomas |
Note: Show neuroendocrine differentiation
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S100 Protein
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Myogenic Tumors
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Tumors of skeletal muscle origin (Positive for muscle-specific actin and desmin)
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Fibrohistocytic Tumor
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(CD68 and FAM 56)
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Malignant fibrohistocytic sarcomas
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Note: Combined with alpha1-Antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin
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Vascular Tumor
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Factor VII-related Antigen, CD31, Ulex Eurpaeus 1 (UEA)
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p53
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Tumor suppressor gene
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C-erb-2/c-myc/ras
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Cellular oncogene found to be activated in breast cancer
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EMA+
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Adenocarcinoma of Breast
Adenocarcinoma of Lungs Adenocarcinoma of Kidneys |
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EMA-
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Non-epithelial tumors
Sarcomas Lymphomas Melanomas |
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EMA Non-reactive
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Adrenal Carcinoma Embryonal Carcinoma |
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CEA+
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Adenocarcinoma
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CEA-
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Mesothelioma
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CEA Non-reactive
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Prostate Carcinoma
Thyroid Carinoma Renal Carcinoma |
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PSA+
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Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Tumor Salivary Gland Tumor |
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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Marker for Chorio-carcinoma
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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
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Embryonal Carcinomas
Treatomas Hepatocelullar Carcinomas |
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Placenta-like Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP)
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Most embryonal CA
Choriocarcinoma Endodermal Sinus Tumors Majority of seminomas |
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Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
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CD45
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T-cells
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CD3, CD4, CD8
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B-cells
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CD19, CD20, CD23
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Reed-Sternberg Cells
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CD15, CD30
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Immunoglobulin Light and Heavy Chains
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CK7+, CK20-
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Lung Carcinoma
Breast Carcinoma Uterus Carcinoma Ovaries Carcinoma Serous Tumors |
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CK7-, CK20+
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Colon Carcinoma
Stomach Carcinoma |
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CK7+, CK20+
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Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Bladder)
Mucinous Ovarian Tumor |
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CK7-, CK20-
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Thyroid Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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TFF-1+
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Thyroid, Lung, Neuroendocrine Tumors
Medullary Carcinoma Carcinoid Tumor Small Cell Tumor of Lungs |
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Neuron-Specific Enolase
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Provides strong evidence of neural or neuroendocrine differentiation
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Chromogranin
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Neuroendocrine differentiation
Granular immunoreactivity |
K+,C-
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma |
K-,C+
Paraganglioma |
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Synaptophysin
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Associated with presynaptic vesicles of neurons
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Melanosome (HMB-45)
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Detection of primary and secondary melanomas
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Highly sensitive and specific
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Melan-A (MART-1)
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Encodes melanoma-specific antigen in normal pigmented cells of skin, retina, and certain adrenocortical tumors
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Ki-67 (MIB-1) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA)
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Assess the proliferation of tumor cells
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