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Definition
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A headwater stream with no tributaries leading to it
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Characteristics:
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Small Insects
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No fish
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Precipitation that runs off the ground
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stored beneath the earth´s surface
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22% of all freshwater is groundwater
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victim to contaminants like septic waste, fertilizers, chemical spills, mining, etc.
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The Distance water flows during some period of time such as meters per second.
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A decrease in slope leads to an average increase in stream velocity
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most fish species are unaffected by velocity
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Definition:
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Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
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Usage
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helps determine stream health
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Scale:
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0-14.
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0 is very acidic, 14 is very basic
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7.0 is ideal for water
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Definition:
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Any substrate that is made of living things or the remains of living things
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Examples:
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plankton, algae, wood, decaying organisms, leaves
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Definition:
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Two first order streams joined together
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Characteristics:
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Plants
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Game Fish
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Headwaters
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Where a stream or river begins
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Mouth
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Where a stream or river ends by flowing into a larger body of water
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Watershed
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a region drained by or one that contributes water to a stream, lake, or other body of water
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Substrate
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The material that organisms live in or around
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autotrophs: Plant-like protists that make their own food
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form the base of most aquatic food chains
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freshwater algae use energy from the sun and dissolved nutrients to make food
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Definition:
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Oxygen dissolved in water
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Effects
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organisms rely on oxygen for life
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Affected By:
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higher temperature= lower Dissolved oxygen
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Examples
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Magnesium, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium
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effects
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Excessive nutrients cause algal blooms which deplete oxygen and create dead zones
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Definition:
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The point where two second-order streams meet
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Characteristics:
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Algae
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Fish
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Other Aquatic Organisms
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Bed Load
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Suspended Load
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Dissolved Load
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sediment too heavy to be carried in suspension
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sediment carried within the body of flowing water
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dissolved minerals that enter the stream from (generally) groundwater
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sand, pebbles, boulders
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fine sediment; silt and clay
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magnesium, aliminum
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measured by turbidity
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measured by conductivity
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Definition:
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the amount of suspended matter in the water
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Factors that affect turbidity
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increase in erosion
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heavy rains/snow
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Warmer Temperature=higher turbidity
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
