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pwd : print working directory
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cd /path/to/dir : change direcotry
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ls /dir/to/list : list directory content (default is .)
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-1 : display the content on one column
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-l : display the content with long listing format
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-a : display the content of the directory (including hidden files)
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-R : Display the content of the directory and the content of subdirectories
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mv /path/to/file /path/where/to/move : move or rename a file or a directory
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cp /path/to/file /path/where/to/copy : copy a file
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-r : copy recursively (used to copy directory)
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rm /path/to/file : remove a file
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-r : remove recursively (used to remove directories)
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-f : force remove
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mkdir /path/dirName : create an empty directory
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rmdir /path/to/dir : remove a directory (works only if the direcotry is empty)
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command > file : redirect stdout to file. (creates the file if it doesn't exist and overwrite it if it does exist)
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command >> file : redirect stdout to file. (creates the file if it doesn't exist and append to the end it if it does exist)
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command 2> file : redirect stderr to file (creates the file if it doesn't exist and overwrite it if it does exist)
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command 2>> file : redirect stdout to file. (creates the file if it doesn't exist and append to the end it if it does exist)
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command &> file : redirect stdout and stderr to file (creates the file if it doesn't exist and overwrite it if it does exist)
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command &>> file : redirect stdout and stderr to file. (creates the file if it doesn't exist and append to the end it if it does exist)
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command < file : redirect stdin to file.
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command1 | command 2 : uses the output of command1 as the input of command2
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\ : escape character. It deletes the signification of a special character
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? : Any character, once.
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* : Any character, 0, 1 or many time.
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[...] : Any character that is in the class. ex: [abc], [a-z], [0-9]
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[^...]: Any character that is not in the class. ex: [^abc], [^a-z], [^0-9]
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{s1, s2, sN} : match s1 or s2 or sN
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if <expression>; then
[statements]
elif <expression>; then
[statements]
else
[statements]
fi
while <expression>; do
[statements]
donefor var in <expression>; do
echo $var
[statements]
done*# patterns are file globing regex*
case <expression> in
pattern1)
[statements]
;;
pattern2)
[statements]
;;
*)
[statements]
;;
esacfunction functionName {
[statements]
[return X]
}|
&& : logical and operator
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|| : logical or operator
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[[ string ]] : return 0 if string is not empty
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[[ -z string ]] : return 0 if the string is empty
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[[ string1 == string2 ]] : return 0 if the string are equivalent
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[[ string1 != string2 ]] : return 0 if the string are not equivalent
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[[ string =~ pattern ]] : return 0 if the string matches the pattern (extended regex)
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[[ -e file ]] : return 0 if the file exists
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[[ -d file ]] : return 0 if file is a directory
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[[ -f file ]] : return 0 if file is a file
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[[ -x file ]] : return 0 if file is executable
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[[ $n1 -eq $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 == $n2
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[[ $n1 -lt $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 < $n2
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[[ $n1 -gt $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 > $n2
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[[ $n1 -ge $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 >= $n2
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[[ $n1 -le $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 <= $n2
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[[ $n1 -ne $n2 ]] : return 0 if $n1 != $n2
|
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passwd : change your password
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history : consult the history of your command
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jobs : list of your pending proccesses
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cat file1 file2 ... : concatenate files and print to stdout
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more / less file1 file2 .. : diplsay a file page by page on stdout
|
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tail / head number : display the "number" first or last line of a file on stdout
|
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touch file1 file2 ... : change the modification date of the files
|
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chmod : change the privileges of a file / directory
|
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echo "text" : display a line of text to stdout
|
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sort file1 file2 ... : sort the file (combine files if many are specified) and print the result to stdout (files aren't impacted)
|
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-r : sort in reverse order
|
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-n : numerical sort
|
|
-u : delete duplicated lines
|
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wc file1 file2 ... : print to stdout the number of characters, words and lines of files
|
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-l : number of lines only
|
|
-w : number of words only
|
|
-w : number of characters only
|
|
diff file1 file1 : compare file1 and file 2 for differences
|
|
-i : ignore the character case
|
|
-B : ignore empty lines
|
|
-w : ignore whitespaces
|
|
-c : add context to the output (good for readability)
|
|
which commandName : print the path of a command
|
|
pushd / popd /path/to/dir : change directory using the directory stack
|
|
dirs : print the directory stack
|
|
find /path/to/dir -name pattern : find every files and directory that have a name that matches "pattern" in the directory specified and its subdirectories
|
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man commandName : Display the manual for command commandName
|
|
sudo command : run the command as superuser
|
|
command1 | xargs -i command2 : uses the output of the command1 as the input of the command2. output will be accessible via {} in command2
|
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grep "pattern" file1 file2 ... : print the lines that matched the pattern
|
|
-v : print lines that didn't match the pattern
|
|
-i : ignore the character case
|
|
-l : print the name of the files that have at least one match
|
|
-o : print only the piece of line that matched the pattern
|
|
-E : uses the extended regex
|
|
-q : quiet. returns 0 in $? if at least one line has been matched. 1 if no line matched
|
|
VAR=VARVALUE : create a variable VAR. the variable can be accessed like so: $VAR or ${VAR}
|
|
VAR="$VAR2" : $VAR will contains the value of $VAR2
|
|
VAR='$VAR2' : $VAR will contains $VAR2
|
|
VAR=$(command) : $VAR will contains the output of the command
|
|
(( VAR = $VAR + 1 )): the double parentheses must be used when doing arithmetics
|
|
${VAR#pattern} : return a substring of VAR where the smallest string (starting from the beginning) matching “pattern” will be cut
|
|
${VAR##pattern} : return a substring of VAR where the longest string (starting from the beginning) matching “pattern” will be cut
|
|
${VAR%pattern} : return a substring of VAR where the smallest string (starting from the end) matching “pattern” will be cut
|
|
${VAR%%pattern} : return a substring of VAR where the longest string (starting from the end) matching “pattern” will be cut
|
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$? : the exit status of the last command / function executed. usually 0 when everything went right.
|
|
$# : the number of args passed to the script / function
|
|
$0 : the name of the script
|
|
$n : the nth argument passed to the script / function
|
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$@ : the list of all the argument passde to the script / function
|
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Arrays
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myArray=(value1 value2 value3): declare an array
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declare -a myArray=(value1 value2 value3): declare an array
|
|
${myArray[index]} : access an element (index starts at 0)
|
|
myArray[index]= : add or modify the element at index
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${#myArray[*]} : return the lenght of the array
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${myArray[*]}: all the elements of the array
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\ : escape character. It deletes the signification of a special character
|
|
. : joker. It represents any characters
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* : 0, 1 or many repetition of the last character / sequence of character
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|
^ : The beginning of the line
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$ : The end of the line
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|
[...] : Any character that is in the class. ex: [abc], [a-z], [0-9]
|
|
[^...]: Any character that is not in the class. ex: [^abc], [^a-z], [^0-9]
|
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\(...\) : Capture the pattern. The pattern can then be accessed with \1, \2 ... \n depending on the number of capture in the regex
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\{n\} : n repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
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|
\{n,\} : At least n repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
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\{n, m\} : Between n and m repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
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\ : escape character. It deletes the signification of a special character
|
|
. : joker. It represents any characters
|
|
* : 0, 1 or many repetition of the last character / sequence of character
|
|
+ : 1 or more repetition of the last character / sequence of character
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? : The last character / sequence of character can appear or not
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^ : The beginning of the line
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$ : The end of the line
|
|
[...] : Any character that is in the class. ex: [abc], [a-z], [0-9]
|
|
[^...]: Any character that is not in the class. ex: [^abc], [^a-z], [^0-9]
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s1|s2 : Either s1 or s2 but not both
|
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(...) : change the priority
|
|
{n} : n repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
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{n,} : At least n repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
|
|
{n, m} : Between n and m repetitions of the last character / sequence of character
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sed 'sed script' file : execute the script on every line of "file"
|
|
s/pattern/newString/gI : Substitute the piece of the line that matches "pattern" by "newString". g (optional): global, I (optional): ignore case
|
|
/pattern/d : delete the line if "pattern" is matched
|
|
/pattern/p : print the line if "pattern" is matched
|
|
/pattern1/,/pattern2/ : print every lines between the first line that matches "pattern1" to the first line that matches "pattern2"
|
|
-i.ext : Modifications done "in-place". A backup file will be created with .ext extension (it is optional)
|
|
-n : print only the lines that matched the pattern
|
|
awk -Fc 'awk script' file1 file2 ... (where "c" is the delimiter)
|
|
typical awk script: 'BEGIN {statements} /pattern/ {script statements} END {statements}'
|
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BEGIN {} : Will be executed once at the start
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END {} : Will be executed once at the end
|
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/pattern/ : only lines that matched the pattern will be processed
|
|
/pattern1/,/pattern2/ : every line from the first line that matches pattern1 to the first line that matches pattern2 will be processed
|
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{script statements} : core of the script
|
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printf: C-style formatter (man printf)
|
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$n : the nth field of the line
|
|
$0 : the entire line
|
|
NR : the record number
|
|
NF : the number of fields in the record
|
|
FS: The field separator (the delimiter)
|
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.