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Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles
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Extrinsic:
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Intrinsic:
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Older adult clients:
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Antigen-antibody reaction triggered by food, meds, or inhaled substances
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Pathophysiological abnormalities within the respiratory tract
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Beta receptors are less responsive to agonist and trigger bronchospasm
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Sudden, severe dyspnea w/ use of accessory muscles
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Sitting up, leaning forward
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Diaphoresis
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Anxiety
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Wheezing
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Gasping
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Coughing
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Cyanosis (late sign)
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Barrel chest
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ABGs
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Sputum cultures
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Pulmonary function tests
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BRONCHODILATORS:
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Short-acting inhaled: albuterol for rapid relief
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Methylxanthines: theophylline
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
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Corticosteroids: fluticasone and prednisone
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Leukotriene antagonists: montelukast
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COMBINATION AGENTS:
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Ipratropium and albuterol
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Fluticasone and salmeterol
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Remain w/ pt during attack
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Position pt in high-Fowler's
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Monitor lung sounds & pulse oximetry
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Administer oxygen therapy
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Maintain IV access
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Therapeutic measures: respiratory treatments, oxygen administration
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Avoid allergens & triggers
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Properly use inhaler and peak flow monitoring
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