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Pulse oximetry
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Pulmonary function tests
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Sputum culture
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Computed tomography (CT)
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MRI
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Chest x-ray: use lead shield for adults of childbearing age
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ABGs via arterial puncture or arterial line: Allows the most accurate method of assessing respiratory function
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Perform Allen test if no arterial line
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Sample is drawn into heparinized syringe
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Keep on ice and transport to lab immediately
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Document amount and method of oxygen delivered for accurate results
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Apply direct pressure to puncture site at least 5 min
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Monitor for hematoma
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Bronchoscopy:
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Nursing Interventions:
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Observe postprocedure:
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Visualize larynx, trachea, bronchi
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Maintain NPO 8 to 12 hr
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Gag reflex
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Obtain tissue biopsy
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Provide local anesthetic throat spray
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Bleeding
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Foreign body removal
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Obtain informed consent
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Respiratory status
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Position pt upright
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Vital signs
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Administer meds as prescribed (atropine - to reduce oral secretions, sedation, antianxiety
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Level of consciousness
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Label specimens
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||
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Positive test indicates exposure to TB
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Diagnosis must be confirmed w/ sputum culture for presence of acid-fast bacillus (AFB)
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Administer 0.1 mL purified protein derivative intradermal to upper half inner surface of forearm (insert needle bevel up)
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Monitor for reaction in 48 to 72 hr following injection
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Induration (hardening) of 10 mm or greater is considered a positive test
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5 mm can be considered significant if immunocompromised
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Identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by measuring the immune response to the TB bacteria in whole blood
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Thoracentesis: Surgical perforation of the pleural space to obtain specimen, to remove fluid or air, or to instill medication
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Obtain informed consent
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Reinforce pt education (remaining still, feeling of pressure, positioning)
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Position the pt upright
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Monitor respiratory status & vital signs
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Label specimens
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Document pt response, and amount, color, and viscosity of fluid
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Maximum amount of fluid to be removed at one time is 1 L
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Chest tube at bedside
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Obtain CXR before & after procedure
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
