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Fluid intake is less than needed to meet body requirements
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The most common type is isotonic dehydration
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Excess GI and/or renal loss
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Diaphoresis
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Fever
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Long term NPO status
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Hemorrhage
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Insufficient intake
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Burns
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Diuretic therapy
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Aging: older adults have less body water and decreased thirst sensation
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Weight loss
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Dry mucous membranes
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Increased HR & respirations
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Thready pulse
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Capillary refill less than 3 sec
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Weakness, fatigue
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Orthostatic hypotension
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Poor skin turgor
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LATE SIGNS: oliguria, decreased central venous pressure (CVP), flattened neck veins
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Serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, Hct (can be high due to hemoconcentration)
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Urine: specific gravity and osmolarity
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Electrolyte replacement
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Intravenous fluids
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Monitor vital signs, pulse quality & amplitude
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Monitor skin turgor. In older adults, check skin over sternum or forehead.
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Maintain strict I&O. Output should be at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr.
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Weight pt daily
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Monitor laboratory data
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Correct underlying cause
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Increase oral fluid intake. Initiate oral rehydration solution.
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Maintain IV fluids for severe dehydration as prescribed
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Monitor response to therapy
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Initiate fall precautions
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
