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Hypoparathyroidism
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Hypomagnesemia
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Kidney failure
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Vitamin D deficiency
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Inadequate intake
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GI loss (wound drainage, diarrhea)
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|
Celiac disease
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Lactose intolerance
|
|
Chron's disease
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Alcohol use disorder
|
|
Tetany, cramps
|
Paresthesia
|
|
Dysrhythmias
|
Trousseau's sign
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Chvostek's sign
|
Seizures
|
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Hyperreflexia
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Impaired clotting time
|
|
Seizure precautions
|
IV calcium replacement
|
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Daily calcium supplements
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Vitamin D therapy
|
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Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
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Dietary increase and education
|
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IV calcium must be administered slowly and the site monitored for extravasation.
|
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It is diluted in D5W, NEVER normal saline.
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Hyperparathyroidism
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Malignant disease
|
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Prolonged immobilization
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Dehydration
|
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Vitamin D excess
|
Thiazide diuretics
|
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Lithium
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Glucocorticoids
|
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Digoxin toxicity
|
Overuse of calcium supplements
|
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Hyperthyroidism
|
|
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Muscle weakness
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Hypercalciuria/kidney stones
|
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Dysrhythmias
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Lethargy/coma
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Hyporeflexia
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Pathologic fractures
|
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Flank pain
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Deep bone pain
|
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Polyuria
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Polydipsia
|
|
Dehydration
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Hypertension
|
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Nausea
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Vomiting
|
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Increase mobility
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Medications
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Isontonic IV fluids
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Furosemide
|
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Dialysis
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Calcitonin
|
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Cardiac monitoring
|
Glucocorticoids
|
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Bisphosphonates
|
|
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Calcium chelators
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