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Excessive diaphoresis
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Adverse effects of medications
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Body fluid loss
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Kidney disease
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Corticosteroids
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Vomiting
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Dietary deficiency
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Diuretics
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Diarrhea
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Alkalosis
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Digitalis
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Wound drainage
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Laxatives (abuse of)
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Nasogastric suction
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Muscle weakness, cramping
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Fatigue
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Nausea, vomiting
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Irritability, confusion
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Decreased bowel motility
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Paresthesia
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Dysrhythmias
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Flat and/or inverted T waves (ECG)
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Monitor respiratory status
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Initiate fall precautions
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Initiate and monitor potassium replacement (oral, IV)
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Monitor ECG
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Monitor I&O
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Monitor arterial HCO3 and pH
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Reinforce client teaching: dietary sources, medications
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NEVER give K+ IV bolus. MUST dilute.
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"No P = No K." If the client is not urinating, do NOT administer potassium.
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Renal failure
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Adrenal insufficiency
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Acidosis
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Excessive potassium intake
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Medications: potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors
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Peaked T-waves (ECG)
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Ventricular dysrhythmias
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Muscle twitching and paresthesia (early)
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Increased bowel motility
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Ascending muscle weakness (late)
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Administer medications
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Monitor ECG
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Kayexalate (monitor bowel sounds)
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Monitor bowel sounds
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50% glucose with insulin
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Initiate dialysis
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Calcium gluconate
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Dietary restriction and teaching
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Bicarbonate
|
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Loop diuretics
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