|
Magnesium
|
1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
|
|
Hypomagnesemia
|
< 1.3 mEq/L
|
|
Hypermagnesemia
|
> 2.1 mEq/L
|
|
GI loss
|
Medications
|
|
Alcohol use disorder
|
Cisplatin
|
|
Hypocalcemia
|
Cyclosporine
|
|
Hypokalemia
|
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
|
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Diuretics
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
Amphotericin B
|
|
Malabsorption
|
|
|
Total parenteral nutrition
|
|
|
Laxative abuse
|
|
|
Acute MI
|
|
|
Paresthesias
|
Dysrhythmias
|
|
Trousseau's sign
|
Chvostek's sign
|
|
Agitation
|
Confusion
|
|
Hyperreflexia
|
Hypertension
|
|
Insomnia
|
Irritability
|
|
Anorexia
|
Nausea
|
|
Vomiting
|
Dysphagia
|
|
Seizure precautions
|
Monitor swallowing
|
|
Dietary measures & education
|
Monitor urine output
|
|
Monitor respirations
|
Administer medications: IV magnesium sulfate, PO magnesium salts
|
|
Renal failure
|
Excessive Mg++ therapy
|
|
Adrenal insufficiency
|
Laxative overuse
|
|
Lithium toxicity
|
Extensive soft tissue injury or necrosis
|
|
Hypotension
|
Drowsiness
|
|
Bradycardia
|
Bradypnea
|
|
Coma
|
Cardiac arrest
|
|
Hyporeflexia
|
Nausea
|
|
Vomiting
|
Facial flushing
|
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
IV fluids (lactated Ringer's or NS)
|
|
Monitor respirations and BP
|
Monitor deep-tendon reflexes
|
|
Administer meds: IV calcium gluconate, loop diuretics
|
|
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