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PPE:
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Gown & gloves - when touching blood or body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes, or contaminated materials
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Masks & face/eye protection - when anticipating splashing of body fluids
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
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Implement standard precautions for all pts
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Report communicable diseases per CDC policy
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Handle all blood and body fluids as if contaminated
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Dispose of PPE in pt's room
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Private room is only needed if the pt is unable to maintain hygiene
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Clean spills w/ a solution of bleach and water (1:10 dilution)
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SHARING ROOMS:
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Pts must have same organism
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Avoid placing pts on isolation precautions in the same room w/ pts who are immunocompromised, have open wounds, or have anticipated prolonged lengths of stay
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Ensure pts are located more than 3 ft from each other
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Use privacy curtains between beds to minimize opportunities for direct contact
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AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS:
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PPE
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS
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Diseases known to be transmitted by air for infectious agents smaller than 5 mcg
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Mask
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Standard precautions
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Measles
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N95 respirator for known or suspected TB
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Provide private room w/ monitored negative airflow
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Varicella
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Keep door closed
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Pulmonary or laryngeal TB
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Respiratory protection
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PPE
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
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DROPLET PRECAUTIONS:
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Mask
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Standard precautions
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Protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg
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Private room is preferred
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Streptococcal pharyngitis
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May short w/ pt who has infection w/ same organism
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Pneumonia
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Keep door closed
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Scarlet fever
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Mask is required when personnel is within 3 ft of pt
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Rubella
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Pertussis
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Mumps
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
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Meningococcal pneumonia/sepsis
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Pneumonic plague
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PPE:
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CONTACT PRECAUTIONS:
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
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Gloves
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Prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by direct or indirect contact w/ the pt or the pt's environment
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Standard precautions
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Gown
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Wound drainage
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Private room is preferred
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Mask & goggled (as needed)
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Fecal incontinence
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May cohort w/ pt who has infection w/ same organism
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Bodily discharges
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Gloves & gown worn by caregivers and visitors
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Disposal of infectious dressing material into nonporous bag
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Dedicated equipment for the pt or disinfect after each use
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Pt to leave room only for essential clinical reasons
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PROTECTIVE ISOLATION:
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
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Used to protect pts who have an increased susceptibility to infections, are receiving chemotherapy, or are immunosuppressed or neutropenic
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Standard precautions
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Institute maximum protection, which can include the use of sterile linens, food, and other supplies
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Minimize exposure to microorganisms found on the outer layers of fresh flowers, fruits, and vegetables
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Wear sterile gloves and gown/mask when in contact w/ the pt
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Maximum protection will require ventilated/positive-pressure room
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