AP Biology Unit 3: Energy and Metabolism Cheat Sheet

A cheat sheet in English by hlewsey

Ch 10: Photosynthesis; Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Cycle Glycolysis Photosynthesis Etc Respiration Calvin Krebs

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Mitochondria

Glycolysis

2 ATP + 1 Glucose 2 pyretic acid + 4 ATP

Substrate level phosphorylationATP
PFK=allosteric enzyme inhibited by ATP

Chloroplasts

Parts: outer/inner membranes, intermembrane space, thylakoid membrane/space, storm

Chlorophyll a/b=absorb red/blue/violet
Carotenoids=absorb blue/green/violet

Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

Photosystem II (P680)PhotolysisETCChemiosmosisNADPPhotosystem I (P700)

Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle

substrate-level phosphorylationATP+pyruvate
pyruvate+coenzyme Aacetyl CoA
products=3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH, CO₂

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

Cycles electrons from P680 ETCP700primary electron acceptorcytochrome complex (ETC)

Photorespiration, C-4, & CAM

Photorespiration	rubisco binds with O₂ instead of CO₂; produces no ATP or sugar
C-4 plants	use alternate C-fixation (PEP carboxylase) that ends in a 4C compound (occurs in mesophyll & bundle sheath cells)
CAM plants	carbon fixation to organic acids at nightlight reactions release CO₂ in the day

ETC/Oxidative Phosphorylation/Chemiosmosis

chemiosmosis= energy-coupling mechanism using potential energy in H⁺ gradient; phosphorylates ADPATP
oxygen=final hydrogen acceptor

Fermentation

facultative anaerobes	tolerate, but do not use, O₂
obligate anaerobes	cannot live in an environment w/O₂
alcohol fermentation	converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol+CO₂ & oxidizes NADH to NAD⁺
lactic acid fermentation	reduces pyruvate into lactic acid (lactate) & oxidizes NADH to NAD⁺

Calvin Cycle

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AP Biology Unit 3: Energy and Metabolism Cheat Sheet

Mitoch­ondria

Glycolysis

Chloro­plasts

Noncyclic Photop­hos­pho­ryl­ation