Ch 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants; Ch 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology; Ch 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
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Short-distance
occurs by osmosis (movement of free water through aquaporins)
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Long-distance
bulk flow using:
translocation (H+ gradient) through phloem (sugar) transpirational pull (cohesion) through xylem (fluid/minerals) |
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Auxins
distribution of auxinsphototropism
enhances apical dominance (vertical) promotes fruit growth |
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Cytokinins
stimulates cytokinesis & cell division
delays senescence (aging) |
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Gibberellins
cause stem elongation, fruit growth, & seed germination
auxin+gibberellins=fruit development |
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Brassinosteroids
induce cell elongation & division in stem segments, slow leaf abscission
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Abscisic Acid (ABA)
antagonizes growth hormones, inhibits germination, used to withstand drought
must be washed/exposed to light/cold to deactivate |
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Ethylene Gas
produced in response to stress during fruit ripening, apoptosis, & exposure to auxin
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