Ch 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function; Ch 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling; Ch 43: The Immune System; Ch 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System
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Epithelial
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covers outside of body, lines inner organs & cavities
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Connective
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binds & supports other tissues (collagenous, reticular, & elastic fibers)
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Muscle
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body movement; skeletal=voluntary, cardiac+smooth=involuntary
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Nervous
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senses stimuli & transmits signals as nerve impulses
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Thermoregulation
ectotherms=warmed externally
endotherms=warmed by metabolism poikilotherm=temp varies w/environment homeotherm=relatively constant temp -insulation, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, sweating, thermogenesis, behavior |
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Osmoregulation
manages water/solute concentration
regulate urine concentration/amount |
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hormone
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molecule secreted into extracellular fluid that circulates in blood/hemolymph, & communicates regulatory messages
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endo/exo-crine glands
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ductless/duct-having organs that secrete substances
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local regulators
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secreted molecules that act over short distances & reach target cells by diffusion (cytokines, growth factors, NO, prostaglandins)
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pheromones
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chemicals released into external environment for a species to communicate
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hypothalamus
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integrates systems, initiates endocrine signaling from nerve info
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pituitary gland
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stores & secretes hormones from hypothalamus (anterior & posterior)
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thyroid gland
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thyroid hormone regulates bioenergetics, maintains BP, HR, muscle, digestion
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Barriers
skin, mucus, cilia, stomach acid
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Systems
-inflammatory response: histamineblood flowimmune cells destroy pathogens
-interferon: inhibits virus reproduction -fever: bacterial growth, stimulates immune system |
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Humoral Immune Response
B cells attack pathogens w/antibodies
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Cell-Mediated Response
T cells attack pathogens, cells w/pathogens, & cancer cells by lysing them
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