|
Command
|
Purpose
|
ps |
Display running processes
|
ps aux |
List all running proccesses
|
ps -ef |
Full process listing
|
top |
Real-time process monitor
|
htop |
Interactive process monitor (if installed)
|
pgrep |
Find processes by name
|
pidof |
Display PID of a process
|
pstree |
Display processes in a tree
|
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
echo $$ |
Current shell PID
|
echo $PPID |
Parent process ID
|
ps |
View PID
|
pgrep |
Find PID by process name
|
pidof |
Find PID of running program
|
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
nice |
Start process with priority
|
renice |
Change priority
|
ps -l |
View nice value
|
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
ulimit |
View/set shell resource limits
|
prlimit |
View/change process limits
|
limits.conf |
Configure permanent limits
|
|
States
|
|
R (Running)
|
|
S (Sleeping)
|
|
D (Uninterruptible sleep)
|
|
T (Stopped)
|
|
Z (Zombie)
|
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
jobs |
List background jobs
|
bg |
Resume in background
|
fg |
Bring to foreground
|
kill |
Send signal
|
killall |
Kill by process name
|
pkill |
Kill by pattern
|
nohup |
Continue after logout
|
& |
Run in background
|
Ctrl+C |
Interrupt process
|
Ctrl+Z |
Suspend process
|
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
crontab |
Manage recurring jobs
|
cron |
Background scheduler
|
at |
Schedule one-time jobs
|
atq |
List pending at jobs
|
atrm |
Remove at jobs
|
systemctl |
Manage cron/at services
|
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