Psychology Cheat Sheet

1. Develo­pment is similar for every child
2. Develo­pment builds on early learning
3. Proceeds at an individual rate
4. Develo­pment is interr­elated
5. You develop all throughout your entire life.

6 to 9 months• rolls both ways• sits without support; stands with assist­ance• picks up toys with thumb and side of forefi­nger• moves between sitting and lying down• crawls, creeps or shuffles on bottom9 to 12 months• pulls up into an unsteady stand a month or two before first step• points with index finger

Smile. Early on, it will be just to herself. But within three months, she’ll be smiling in response to your smiles and trying to get you to smile back at her.
Raise her head and chest when on her tummy.
Track objects with her eyes and gradually decrease eye crossing.
Open and shut her hands and bring hands to her mouth.
Grip objects in her hands.
Take swipes at or reach for dangling objects, though she usually won’t be able to get them yet.

Thalamus- The structure has sensory and motor functions
Amygdala- involved in memory, emotion, and fear.
Hypoth­alamus- functions including homoeo­stasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and control of the autonomic nervous system.
Hippoc­ampus- learning and memory . . . for converting short term memory to more permanent memory

The Cerebrum- with higher brain function such as thought and action.
Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orient­ation, recogn­ition, perception of stimuli. Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing
Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recogn­ition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Running:A detailed narrative account of behavior recorded in a sequential manner as it happens.
Anecdotal records: A brief narrative account describing an incident of a child's behavior that is of interest to the observer.
Frequency: counts are a record of the number of times a specific behavior occurs within a specific time period.

Head to foot. Long before birth, the baby’s head takes the lead in develo­pment. A newborn’s head is still large in proportion to the body. The same head-t­o-toe pattern continues after birth. Near to far. Develo­pment starts at the trunk of the body and moves outward. First, babies simply wave their arms when they see an object they wantSimple to Complex. At first, babies’ main activities are sleeping and eating. Gradually, they learn more compli­cated tasks

1 to 3 months• prefers looking at high areas of faces: forehead, eyes, mouth visually follows a bright object when it is moved slowly.hands open out from fists. 2 to 4 months• when placed on tummy, baby can lift head and shoulders• can briefly hold a toy when you place it in his palms• brings hands into eye range.4 to 6 months• begins to roll from tummy to back• reaches for objects• brings toys to mouth to explore them

When/Then – Abuse It/Lose It Principle – “When you have finished your homework, then you may watch TV.”In­com­patible Altern­ative Principle – Give the child something to do that he can’t do while misbeh­avi­ng.C­hoice Principle – Give the child two choices, both of which are positive and acceptable to you.Make a Big Deal Principle Make a big deal over respon­sible, consid­erate, approp­riate behavior with attent­ion­,Talk About Them Positively to Others­,Mo­deling Principle