|
Area of a Circle
|
3.14r2
|
|
Volume
|
area x height
|
|
Density
|
mass/volume
|
|
% Composition of Element
|
[(#of atoms of element)x(atomic weight of element)]/formula weight of substance x 100
|
|
% Yield
|
[(actual yield)/(theoretical yield)] x 100
|
|
Molarity
|
(moles of solute)/(volume of solution in Liters)
|
|
Effective Nuclear Charge
|
(atomic number) - (screening constant)
|
|
Dipole Moment
|
Qr
|
|
Bond Order
|
(# shared electrons) - (# nonbonding electrons))
|
|
Pressure
|
(force) / (area)
|
|
Pressure x Volume
|
nRT
|
|
Density of Gas
|
mass / volume
|
|
Density of Gas
|
(pressure x Molarity) / (R x temp.)
|
|
Molarity of Gas
|
(density x R x Temperature) / pressure
|
|
Vapor Pressure
|
-(change in Hvap) / RT + C1
|
|
Lithium
|
|
Potassium
|
|
Barium
|
|
Calcium
|
|
Sodium
|
|
Magnesium
|
|
Aluminium
|
|
Manganese
|
|
Zinc
|
|
Chromium
|
|
Iron
|
|
Cobalt
|
|
Nickel
|
|
Tin
|
|
Lead
|
|
Hydrogen
|
|
Copper
|
|
Silver
|
|
Mercury
|
|
Platinum
|
|
Gold
|
|
The speed of light (c)
|
3.00 x 108 ms
|
|
c =
|
(wavelenght) x (velocity)
|
|
Planck's Constant (h)
|
6.626 x 10-34 J-s
|
|
E =
|
hv
|
|
Rydberg Constant (Rh)
|
1.097 x 107 m-1
|
|
wavelength =
|
h / (mv)
|
|
Fat
|
8.8
|
|
Protein
|
4.1
|
|
Carbs
|
4.1
|
|
Bond
|
Substance
|
Melting Point (K)
|
Boiling Point (K)
|
|
Covalent
|
Diamond
|
3800
|
4300
|
|
Metallic
|
Beryllium
|
1560
|
2742
|
|
Ionic
|
Lithium Fluoride
|
1118
|
1949
|
|
Dispersion Force
|
Nitrogen
|
63
|
77
|
|
Dipole-Dipole Force
|
HCl
|
158
|
188
|
|
Hydrogen
|
HF
|
190
|
293
|
|
Prefix
|
Abbreviation
|
Meaning
|
|
Peta
|
P
|
1015
|
|
Tera
|
T
|
1012
|
|
Giga
|
G
|
109
|
|
Mega
|
M
|
106
|
|
Kilo
|
k
|
103
|
|
Deci
|
d
|
10-1
|
|
Centi
|
c
|
10-2
|
|
Milli
|
m
|
10-3
|
|
Micro
|
u
|
10-6
|
|
Nano
|
n
|
10-9
|
|
Celsius to Kelvin
|
K = C + 273.15
|
|
Kelvin to Celsius
|
C = K - 273.15
|
|
Celsius to Fahrenheit
|
F = 9/5(C) + 32
|
|
Fahrenheit to Celsius
|
C = 5/9 (F) - 32
|
|
Law of Constant Competition
|
-French Chemist, Joseph Louis Proust (1800):the elemental composition of a compound is almost always the same
|
|
Law of Conservation of Mass
|
The total mass of substances present at the end of a chemical process is the same as the mass of substances present before the process took place
|
|
Kinetic Energy (Ek)
|
1/2mv2
|
|
Potential Energy (Eel)
|
(kQ1Q2)/d
|
|
Work
|
force x distance
|
|
Work
|
-Pressure x (change in Volume)
|
|
Internal Energy
|
E(final) - E(initial)
|
|
Enthalpy (H)
|
(internal energy) + (pressure x volume)
|
|
Enthalpy of Reaction
|
H (products) - H (reactants)
|
|
Specific Heat
|
(heat transferred) / (mass x change in temp.)
|
|
Change in Enthalpy
|
m x s x (change in T)
|
|
Lattice Energy
|
K [(Q1Q2) / d]
|
|
1 amu
|
1.66054 x 10-24g
|
|
Grams to Moles
|
divide by formula weight
|
|
Moles to Grams
|
multiply by formula weight
|
|
Moles to Molecules
|
multiply by 6.022 x 1023
|
|
Molecules to Moles
|
divide by 6.022 x 1023
|
|
n
|
l
|
m1
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
|
-
|
1
|
1, 0, -1
|
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
|
-
|
1
|
1, 0, -1
|
|
-
|
2
|
2, 1, 0, -1, -2
|
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
|
-
|
1
|
1, 0, -1
|
|
-
|
2
|
2, 1, 0, -1, -2
|
|
-
|
3
|
3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3
|
|
Physical Quantity
|
Name of Unit
|
Abbreviation
|
|
Mass
|
Kilogram
|
kg
|
|
Length
|
Meter
|
m
|
|
Time
|
Second
|
s or sec
|
|
Tempertature
|
Kelvin
|
K
|
|
Amount of Substance
|
Mole
|
mol
|
|
Electric Current
|
Ampere
|
amp or A
|
|
Luminous Intensity
|
Candela
|
cd
|
|
Liquid
|
Gas
|
Solid
|
|
assumes shape of the portion of container it occupies
|
assumes volume and shape of container
|
retains own shape and volume
|
|
does not expand to fill container
|
expands to fill container
|
does not expand to fill container
|
|
is virtually incompressible
|
is compressible
|
is virtually incompressible
|
|
flows readily
|
flows readily
|
does not flow
|
|
diffusion occurs slowly
|
diffusion occurs rapidly
|
diffusion occurs extremely slowly
|
|
Steric #
|
Electron -Domain
|
Bonding / Nonbonding
|
Molecular Geometry
|
|
2
|
Linear
|
2 / 0
|
Linear
|
|
3
|
Trigonal Planar
|
3 / 0
|
Trigonal Planar
|
|
2 / 1
|
Bent
|
||
|
4
|
Tetrahedral
|
4 / 0
|
Tetrahedral
|
|
3 / 1
|
Trigonal Pyramid
|
||
|
2 / 2
|
Bent
|
||
|
5
|
Trigonal Bipyramidal
|
5 / 0
|
Trigonal Bipyramidal
|
|
4 / 1
|
Seesaw
|
||
|
3 / 2
|
T-shaped
|
||
|
2 / 3
|
Linear
|
||
|
6
|
Octahedral
|
6 / 0
|
Octahedral
|
|
5 / 1
|
Square Pyramidal
|
||
|
4 / 2
|
Square Planar
|
|
Metals
|
Nonmetals
|
|
shiny luster, various colors, more silvery
|
no luster, various colors
|
|
solids are malleable, ductile
|
solids are brittle, some hard, some soft
|
|
good conductors of heat and electricity
|
poor conductors of heat and electricity
|
|
most oxides are ionic, most solids are basic
|
most oxides for acidic solutions
|
|
tend to form cations in aqueous solutions
|
tend to form anions or oxyanions in aqeuous solutions
|
|
Strong Acids
|
Strong Bases
|
|
HCl
|
LiOH
|
|
HBr
|
NaOH
|
|
HI
|
KOH
|
|
HClO3
|
RbOH
|
|
HClO4
|
CsOH
|
|
HNO3
|
Sr(OH)
|
|
H2SO4
|
Ba(OH2)
|
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