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Starting with Europeans, mainly spaniards, coming to america
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the "old world" presentsed more crops
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brought deadly diseases with them: smallpox, measles, chickenpox, influenza, malaria, yellow fever
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wheat, barley, rice, turnips
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^shows long term effects of the columbian exchange: killed off most of the native population
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The native people suffered from white brutality, alcoholism, & the killing & driving off of game previously used to sustain the population
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^^short term effects of the columbian exchange
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viceroy
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high ranking officials of the catholic church
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peninsulares
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pure spaniards that moved from spain to america
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creoles
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decedents of spaniards that were born in the new world
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mestizos
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spanish and native american children
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Native americans
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slaves
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brought from the caribbean or africa
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the spanish rewrote the hierarchy of power
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put themselves at the top
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1535- vice royalty of new spain was created
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new political structure, made spanish king the basis of power in the americas
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1910-1920
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partially caused by the treaty of tordesailles (1494) the treaty that gave the spanish control over all of the west except brazil
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25 million natives down to 1 million due to disease
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societies in the north american & canadian region tended to be smaller & less sophisticated then Mexico & south america
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this was due to the slowness of the northward spread of corn cultivation from Mexico
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non sustainable food source = less people
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lived in semi-permanent settlements in groups of around 300 people
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men made tools & hunted while women gathered plants & nuts & grew crops
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potential patricarchy, men dominated society
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cultures of the native americans were very diverse
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languages branched off to create more than 20 seperate language families
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New mexico & arizona
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lived in caves, under cliffs, & multistoreied buildings
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Pacific coast
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rich & diverse diet: hunting, fishing, gathering nuts, berries, & roots; carved totem poles to keep record of stories
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Great plains
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nomadic hunters & sedentary peoples, farmed & traded, lived in teepees: easily deconstruct-able for travel
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first people to arrive in the americas arrived arpund 40,000 years ago
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migrated from Asia through the land bridge between Siberia and Alaska (is now under water)
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Mayas
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built extensive cities in the rainforests of the Yucatan Peninsula
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Aztecs
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prospered several centuries after the Mayas, created a powerful empire in central Mexico
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Incas
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based in peru, developed an extensive empire in south america
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^^all civilizations created highly developed societies
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carried trade, and created calendars based on observation
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farmed to create a sustainable food supply
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until the 1400's the continents had no knowledge of each other
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Columbus' voyage across the atlantic finally connected people
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the renaissance
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a rebirth in classical learning in the 15th-16th centuries
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^made Columbus' voyage possible^
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innovations in technology included:
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gunpowder, sailing compass, printing press
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early 1500s- chrisitans in germany, england, france, holland & other northern european countries revolted against the pope in rome
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known as the protestant reformation
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didnt think the pope should have supreme rule
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resulted in a series of religious wars
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catholics of different countries spread their versions of christianity to the people of africa, asia, & the americas
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increased competition among european kingdoms for trade to africa, india, & china
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spurred exploration
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Portugals Prince henry the navigator opened a sea route around africa's cape of good hope
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spains expanding power was because of its explorers and conquistadores
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they found large deposits of silver in the new world, which were then shipped back to spain
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it made spain one of the richest and most powerful forces at the time
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spanish created the encomienda system
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king of spain gives grants of land & slaves to spaniards
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natives do hard labor ->
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benefits go to their spanish masters
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in turn the natives are "protected" by their owners
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
