themes and variation
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sensation
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stimulation fo sense organs
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perception
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selection, organization and interpretation of sensory input
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receptive field of visual light
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the retina area that when stimulated affects firing of that cell
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light in the center of receptive field
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increases firing rate
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light in the outside of receptive field
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decreases firing rate
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lateral antagonism
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occurs when neural activity in a cell opposes activity in surrounding cells
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Feature Analysis
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process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them in to a more complex form
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bottom up
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individual to whole
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top down
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whole to elements
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phi phenomenon
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illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid success
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gestalt principles
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how the visual system organizes a scene into discreet forms
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place theory
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perception pitch corresponds to the vibration of different places along the basilar membrane
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frequency theory
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perception of pitch corresponds to the rate/ frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates
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cilia
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receptive for smell in nose
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psychophysics
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study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience
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Signal Detection Theory
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the detection of stimuli involves decision proccesses along as sensory processes which are both influenced by a variety of factors besides stimulus intensity
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two channels
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magnocellular and parvocellular
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binocular depth cues
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clues about distance based on the differing views of hte two eyes
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retinal disparity
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refers to the fact that object within 25 feet project to slightly different locations on the right and left retinas so each eye sees a slight different view of the object
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convergence
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involves sensing the eye converging towards each other as they focus on closer objects
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monocular depth cues
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clues about the distance move across the retina at different rates
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motion parallax
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images at different distances move across the retina at different rates
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pictorial depth cues
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cues about distance that can be given i na flat picture
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kinaesthetic system
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monitors the position of the various parts of the body
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vestibular system
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responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your body's location in space
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amplitude
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brightness
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wavelength
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perception of color
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feature detectors
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neurons that respond selectively to a very specific features of more complex stimuli
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wavelength
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hue
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amplitude
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brightness
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purity
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saturation
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subtractive color mixing
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works by removing some wavelngth of light, leaving less light than originally there
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additive color mixing
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works by superimposing lights, putting more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself
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trichromatic theory
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color vision holds that the human eye has 3 types of receptors with differing sensitivities to different light wavelengths
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opponent process theory
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color vision holds that colour perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colour
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wavelength
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frequency or hertz
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amplitude
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decibels
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external ear
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vibrations of air
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middle ear
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vibration of movable bones
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inner ear
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waves in a fluid
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pinna
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sound collecting cone
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most important for finding source of sound
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loudness and timing
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receptive field for touch
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when touched neurons fire to the brain alerting it
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pain has two pathways to the brain
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slow and fast
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gate control theory
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incoming pain sensations must pass through a "gate" i nteh spinal cord that can be closed, thus blocking ascending pain signals
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
