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Psychological Function
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people inflate their own self-worth by disliking groups they see as inferior
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Social and Cutlural Function
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by disliking "them", we feel closer to others who are like us
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Economic Function
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legitimized unequal economic treatment
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Germinal
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conception to implantation
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Embryonic
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implantation to 8 weeks
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Fetal
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8 weeks to birth
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Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
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learning through concrete actions, coordinates sensory information with bodily movements, major accomplishment is object permanence
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Preoperational Stage (2-7)
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focused on limitations in children's thinking, engage in egocentric thinking (inability to take answer persons perspective), cannot grasp concept of conservation
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Concrete Operational Stage (7-12)
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earlier limitations overcome but primarily with concrete information, continue to make errors in reasoning about abstract concepts, understand principles of conservation, reversibility, cause and effect
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Formal Operations Stage (12+)
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teenagers become capable of abstract reasoning, ideas/concepts
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Affective Component
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how we feel towards an object (ABC Model)
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Behavioral Component
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how we behave towards and object (ABC Model)
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Cognitive Component
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what we believe about an object (ABC Model)
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Secure Attachment Styles
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find it relatively easy to become close to others and are comfortable depending on lovers and being depended on.
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Avoidant Attachment Styles
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somewhat uncomfortable being close to others and have difficulty trusting others and depending on them.
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Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Styles
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worry that their lovers are less interested in closeness that they are.
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Level One: Pre-conventional reasoning (individual)
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Stage One: Obedience and punishment
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morality is external, rules are fixed and absolute, obey rules to avoid punishment
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Level One: Pre-conventional reasoning (individual)
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Stage Two: Individualism and exchange
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recognize individual point of view, judge actions based on how they serve individual interests
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Level Two: Conventional reasoning (society)
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Stage Three: Interpersonal relationship
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focus on living up to sical expectations and roles, emphasis on conormity and being nice, considering how choices affect social relationship
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Level Two: Conventional reasoning (society)
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Stage Four: Maintaining Social Order
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consider osicety as a whole, focus on maintaining law and order, follow the rules, doing your duty and respect authority
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Level Three: Post-conventional (universal principles of justice)
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Stage Five: Social contract and individual rights
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rules of law are important for maintaining society, but memebers of society should agree on the rules, social contract,
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Level Three: Post-conventional (universal principles of justice)
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Stage Six: Universal Principles
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morality is internal, reasoning based on universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning, follow internalized principles of justice even if they are in conflict with laws and rules
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Addictive Tasks
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members preform parallel actions
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Conjunctive Task
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the members are only productive as its weakest members.
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Group Dynamics
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memberships or participation in a group influences our thoughts and behaviors.
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Disjunctive Task
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requires a single solution the most competent person in the group is likely to provide the solution.
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Divisible Tasks
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involve the simultaneously performance of several different activities, the different strengths of group members complement one another.
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
