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Web Dubois
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civil rights activist, main target: racism, strongly protested lynching & Jim Crow Laws & discrimination, immediate reform by edu
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Booker T Washington (Atlantic Compromise 1895)
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more economic participation for AA founded the National Negro Business League
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NAWSA (women)
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Susan B. Anthony, fought for women’s suffrage, = rights, women to join labor unions
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National Labor Union (1866)
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political agenda (= rights for women and blacks), 8-hr workday, social issues over labor issues
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Knights of Labor Union (1869)
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industrial union, accepted membership from most trades, race, religion, sex (grew rapidly), unity/rights for all, reputation damaged by Haymarket riot
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American Federation of Labor (1886)
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Craft unions only (skilled white workers), achieve + wages, minimize work hrs, improve work conditions over transform U.S. society
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Nativist
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viewed 2nd wave of immigration as threat (cheap labor, take jobs)
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Susan B Anthony
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women's rights activist, speeches to convince for suffrage
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WCTU 1874
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opposed alcohol consumption, support suffrage
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Plessy vs Ferguson (1896)
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upheld Louisiana law requiring racial segregation of RR facilities, “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional under 14 Amendment, legalized segregation in US
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Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
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IL denied women law license b/c right to practice not under 14th amendment
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Morrill Tariff Act of 1861
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high protective tariff which allowed for industry to expand
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National Banking Act of 1863
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created uniform national bank notes eliminating confusion with the state bank notes
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Transcontinental RR (1869)
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built all my immigrant workers, connect E & W markets
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Robber barons (late 1800s)
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derogatory term for industrialist & banker, placed profit over public interest
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JP Morgan
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money, RR
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Rockefellar
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horizontal integration, Standard Oil
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Carnegie
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vertical integration, steel, Gospel of Wealth: rich must help lower class
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Vanderbilt
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trains
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Interstate Commerce Act 1887
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tried to regulate RR monopolies b/c high cost of shipping
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Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
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fed gov't break up any monopolies
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Laissez faire
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supply and demand, capitalism, hands off approach, allowed for corruption to grow (Adam Smith, William Sumner)
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Patronage System
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spoils system, practice of granting government appointments to friends, political supporters
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Kickbacks
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You vote for me I'll help you"
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Boss Tweed
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very corrupt, helped immigrants in return for votes
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Mugwumps
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reformers (republicans mostly) who wanted civil service reform and end to political corruption.
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Great RR Strike of 1877
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reaction to cut wages which led to Panic of 1873 (showed need for central gov't)
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Pullman Strike (1894)
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Eugene Debs, strike due to poor wages, Cleveland used force
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Sharecropping
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cotton farmers, obtained supplies & food on credit from local merchants, give share of crops to farmers, cycle of debt to keep farmers poor
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Granger Laws
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midwestern states to help farmers, primarily by regulating RR
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Gold Standard
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currency based upon a fixed quantity of gold, debtors are often hurt
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Populist Activism Causes
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((combat negative effects of rapid indust) think that democracy favored the rich, overproduction, RR monopolies, bad enforcement of Interstate Commerce Act
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Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
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break up Indian reservations into individual farms and turn American Indians into homesteaders, remaining $ used for forced assimilation
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