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Progressive Era (1901-1917)
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mainly driven by the middle class and educated that wanted to tweak it through "progress" with an expanded role of government (regulated capitalism)
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Progressivism
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social or political movement that aims to represent the interests of ordinary people through political change and an expanded size and role of the government (very inclusive)
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TR Square Deal
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CORPORATION: believed that there were good trusts and bad trusts (break bad, regulated good) first President to actually use the power of the Sherman Antitrust Act
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TR Square Deal
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CONSERVATION: sought to protect land from exploitation by corporations, expanded the National Park System, protected wetlands
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TR Square Deal
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CONSUMERS: sought to protect consumers from the power of corporations (high prices bc monopolized)
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Muckrakers
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wrote articles exposing corruption in government and industry (Ida Tarbell in Standard Oil, Jacob Riis in "How the other side lived")
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Settlement House Movement (late 1880s)
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founding settlement houses to respond to growing industrial poverty and the negative effects of rapid urbanization (Jane Addams "Hull House" in Chicago)
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Temperance Movement
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curb the consumption of alcohol in the U.S. led to 18th amendment(prohibition of alcohol) which was mostly done by women
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Moral Reform Movement (late 1800s)
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sought to "clean up" American society of the perceived moral degradation that had taken place to targeted pornography, prostitution, vulgarity, etc
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Anthracite Coal Strike (1902
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a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. demanded higher wages, shorter workdays, and union recognition
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"neutral arbitrator"
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Roosevelt intervened in the above strike (1st time that the government did not side with big business like in Gilded Age)
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Committee on Public Information
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a propaganda agency tasked with swaying public opinion in favor of the war
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Food Administration
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conservation of food so that surpluses could be sent to Europe to feed the Allied soldiers and civilians
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War Industries Board
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guide the economy during the war esp. to guide factories on war effort production
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Great Migration (1910-1970)
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bulk of migration bc enlisting for WW1 from rural South to urban North, Midwest, West
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Harlem Renaissance (1920s)
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AA life through music, murals, literature which brought white-black communities together
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KKK (1925)
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led a march of over 50,000 people in Washington, D.C. while demanding laws against immigration (opposed Catholics, blacks, and Jews)
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Fundamentalist
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emphasized the literal truth and interpretation of the Bible
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Modernist
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attempted to reconcile the Bible with scientific knowledge
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Scopes (Monkey) Trial
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symbolized the conflict between science and theology, faith and reason, individual liberty and majority rule
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The New Deal (relief, recover, reform)
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FDR approach to rebuild the economy after the Great Depression (stimulate economic activity)
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Muller v. Oregon (1908)
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upheld an Oregon law limiting the workday for female wage earners to ten hours
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Insular Cases (1901)
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Supreme Court ruled territories under U.S. control don''t automatically receive the constitutional rights of U.S. citizens
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Schenck v. United States (1919)
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upheld the right of the Government to pass and enforce the Espionage and Sedition Acts during war
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16th amendment
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Congress has the power to pass direct taxes, such as income tax
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17th amendment
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Senators are to be elected by the voters in their state
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18th amendment
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production, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverages is illegal (prohibited)
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19th amendment
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gives women the right to vote (suffrage)
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Populist
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mostly small farmers, wanted to abolish national banks, graduated income tax, direct election of senators, civil service reform, 8-hour workday, gov't control of RR and communication
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Progressives
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mostly urban middle class, educated, women (purify not radically change), + labor conditions, prohibition, Americanization of Immigrants, anti-trust, women's suffrage
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Payne Aldrich Tariff (1909)
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dropped rates only about 5% (Taft pormised way less rates) and raised it on iron ore and coal
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Underwood Tariff (1913)
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Taft lowered tariff from 40%-25% and lost revenue made up in 16th amendment
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Federal Reserve Act
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established a system of 12 federal banks & Federal Reserve Board, set interest rates, regulate the money
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Clayton Anti-Trust
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by Taft, strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust
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Spanish-American War
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interventionist b/c imperialism (gained Cuba, Guam, Phillipines)
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(China) Open Door Policy
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policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce
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Neutrality (1914-1917)
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British and French were allies to the u.s but they wanted to stay neutral
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Espionage Act (1917)
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illegal to engage in any activity that interfered with the war effort
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Sedition Act (1918)
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illegal to speak out against the government, the country, or the war itself
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League of Nations (1920)
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international organization to maintain peace & prevent further war but U.S. never joined b/c it would turn them interventionist (Republican Irreconcilables)
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Emergency Quota Act (1921)
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based on 3% of each nationality living in the U.S. in 1910
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Immigration Quota Act (1924)
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2% of nationality living in the U.S. in 1890
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FDIC (1933)
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President Roosevelt that regulates banks and insures bank deposits for consumers
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Court-Packing (1937)
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FDR unsuccessfully attempted to add new members to the SC--6 new liberal justices (b/c New Deal)
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Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)
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attempted to keep America neutral due to the aggressive actions of Italy, Japan, and Germany and the potential war
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Cash and Carry Policy (1939)
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allowed the sale of goods and/or arms to warring nations as long as the nations paid cash (no loans) and carried the goods and/or arms away on their own ships
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