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herbivores
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consume mainly plants and algae
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carnivores
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consume other animals
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omnivores
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consume animals as well as plants or algae
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Alimentary Canal
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mouth
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pharynx
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esophagus
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stomach
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intestine
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anus
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accessory glands
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salivary glands
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liver
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gallbladder
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pancreas
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four class of essential nutrients
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-amino acids (~ from diet)
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-fatty acids
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-vitamins (small organic molecules)
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-minerals (small inorganic molecules)
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malnourishment
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- lack of essential nutrients
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specialized adaptations
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dentition
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intestinal adaptations
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mutualistic adaptations
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ATP needed for metabolism; generated by oxidation of glucose
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glucose levels kept in balance by pancreatic hormones
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-insulin & glucagon
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glucose is stored in liver and muscle of glycogen
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1. ingestion
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2. digestion
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3. absorption
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high surface area
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4. elimination
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suspension feeder
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whales- toothbrush like teeth
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bulk feeder
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humans and snakes
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substrate feeder
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caterpillar
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fluid feeder
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mosquitoes
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overnourishment
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excess food energy; causes obesity
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diabetes, colon/breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes
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many hormones involved in ingestion/appetite
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