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MATTER: anything that takes up space and has mass... it is made up of elements!!
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ELEMENT: substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions
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COMPOUND: substance that consists of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
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- molecular function related to its shape
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-shape is determined by bond angles
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- shape is used in how molecules recognize and relate to each other
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- INDUCED FIT
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lock and key model
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- allows for molecular mimics
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- the making & breaking of bonds that leads to changes in the composition of matter
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- chemical reactions change reactants into products while conserving matter
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- most are reversible
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EXAMPLE
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2H2 + O2= 2H20
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reactants= products
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* sodium (Na) is a metal
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* chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas
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* combined= NaCl= table salt
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IONIC BONDS
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- transfer of electrons
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-forms + and - ions
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-weak bond formed because of their opposite charges
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- ionic compounds are called salts
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- environment affects the strength of ionic bonds
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HYDROGEN BONDS
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- weak chemical bond
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-partially +H atom in water molecule is attracted to the partially -O in another
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- can occur wherever an -OH exists in a larger molecule
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- chemical equilibrium is reached when the forward and reverse reaction rates are EQUAL
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5 to 5 or 10 to 10
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CHNOPS
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96% = CHON
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4%= SPKCa
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COVALENT BONDS
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- sharing electrons
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-strong bond
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= both atoms holding onto electrons
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- forms molecules
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-double covalent bonds
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2 atoms can share more than one pair of electrons
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"double and triple bonds"
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- electrons are not shared equally
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- electronegativity
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-oxygen is one of the most electronegative of the 92 elements
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
