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the evolutionary history of a species or groups of species
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an approach to classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
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similarity due to convergent evolution rather than to a shared ancestry
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in this example 11 / 12 original bases have NOT changed since the species diverged
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1.) homologous DNA sequences are identical between the 2 species
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2.) deletion and insertion mutations shift and matching sequences
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3.) those areas that are shaded in orange no longer match because of the mutations
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4.) the matching regions are realigned using a computer program that puts gaps in sequence 1
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- common names can be confusing
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- scientific name=
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binomial nomenclature
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* genus and species
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phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry are called homologies
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- cladistics uses common descent as the primary criteria to classify organisms
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- due to descent with modification, organisms share some, but NOT ALL characteristics with their ancestors
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- connect classification and phylogeny
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- represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships
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- phylogenies are inferred from both:
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-molecular data
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*gene sequences
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*protein sequences
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-morphological features
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* presence or absence of fins
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*number of legs
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*structures of the organism
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-maximum parsimony
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simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts
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-maximum likelihood
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a tree can be found that most likely reflects the sequence of events
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
