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a circ system has:
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-circulatory fluid
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-set of interconnection vessels
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-muscular pump(s), the heart
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The three chambered hearts of amph and nonavian reptiles are adaptive allowing variation in blood flow through the heart
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connective tissue
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consists of cells suspended in liquid matrix called plasma
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plasma 55% cells45%
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plasma
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water
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cellular elements
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leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes
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gas exchange
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supplies O2 for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2
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occurs via diffusion
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accomplished via large, moist resp surfaces between cells and medium
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things like skin, gills, tracheae, lungs
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open
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closed
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single
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fluid leaving heart travels to respir. organs and organ system before returning to heart
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double
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two different circuits
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pulmonary: lung capillaries
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systemic:body capillaries
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arteries
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carry blood AWAY from heart to pulmonary (deoxygenated) & systemic circuits (oxygenated)
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veins
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carry blood back to heart from pulmonary and systemic circuits
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pulmonary circuit
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pulmonary arteries
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pulmonary veins
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systemic circuit
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aorta
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superior and inferior vena cava
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breathing
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process that ventilates the lungs; alternate inhalation and exhalation of air
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mechanisms vary across taxa
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cardiovascular system
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circulatory fluid: blood
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interconnected vessels:
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arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
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pump: heart
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gas exchange mechanism
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gills/lungs
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blood has to get to:
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respiratory tissue
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pulmonary circuit
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organ systems
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systemic circuit
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proteins that transport oxygen; greatly increase the amount of O2 that blood can carry
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hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanin
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hemoglobin
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resp. pigment w/ high affinity for O2
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Bohr shift:
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co2 decreases pH and the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
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hemoglobin can bind co2 but most is transported in plasma
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>50% of deaths in US
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cardiovascular disease
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disorder of heart and or blood vessels
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atherosclerosis:
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buildup of plaques in arteries
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heart attack
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blockage of 1 or more coronary arteries
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stroke
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rupture or blockage of arteries to brain
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hypertension
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high BP, increases risk of plaque buildup and heart attack
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
