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- existence of a social condition
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- someone has to think its a problem (BELIEF)
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larger group= more attention
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- awareness/ spreading thru out media
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example- drug addiction, not a social problem unless part of society BELIEVES it diminishes quality of human life
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experiments, surveys, field research, secondary data research
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- 2 or more people who have a common identity, interact, and form a social relationship
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primary groups- characterized by intimate and informal interactions (friends and family, comfortability)
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secondary groups- task oriented and characterized by impersonal and formal interaction (class mates, co workers)
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1. societal recognition
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process by which a social problem is "born"
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2.social legitimation
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social problems is recognized by the larger community
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3.mobilization for action
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leads to development and implementation of a plan for dealing with the problem
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the set of rights, obligations, and expectations associated with a status
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- guide our behavior and allow us to predicts others behaviors
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examples student: do work; prisoner: w/ guards and w/ inmates
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- you learn what the roles are, then accept them to maintain that status
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society is composed of parts that work together to maintain a state of balance
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latent- consequences unintended and often hidden
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father got fired, how kids feel; gay rights ( ur gay), how fam feels
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manifest- intended and commonly recognized
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a problem that throws that ""norm" off
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social pathology- social problems result from 'sickness' in society
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social disorganization- rapid social change disrupts norms in society
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you adapt ( like coming to college)
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putting yourself "in" the situation to get a different perspective and better understanding
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- im not homeless, but what would it be like if i was
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experiments, surveys, field research, secondary data research
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a social condition that a segment of society views as harmful to members of society and in need of remedy
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GOOD EXAMPLES
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gun control- threat to civil rights OR its necessary for safety
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abortion- pro life OR pro choice
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labeling theory:
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social condition or group is viewed as problematic if it is labeled as such
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social constructionism:
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argues that reality is socially constructed by individuals who interpret the social world around them
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basic premise is that a condition must be defined or recognized as a social problem for it to be a social problem
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individual level
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3 types:
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Blumer's Stages of a Social Problem
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labeling theory
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social constructionism
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two groups opposing each other
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rich vs poor, pro life vs pro choice
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the meanings and ways of life that characterize a society, including beliefs, values, norms, sanctions, and symbols
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people think the same way as you do
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... wouldn't be in the drug culture if you don't believe in drugs
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beliefs: definitions and explanations about what is assumed to be true
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"is 2nd hand smoke dangerous?"
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values: social agreements ab what is considered good or bad, right and wrong*
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racism, sexism , child abuse, violate the values of equality and fairness
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norms: defined rules of behavior
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1. folkways: customs, habits, and manners of society (not the law)
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ways u act (sneeze= cover ur nose)
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2. laws: formal norms backed by authority (LAW)
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3. mores: norms w/ a moral basis
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a position that a person occupies within a social group
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ex: mother, father, child, husband
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ascribed statuses: status that society assigns to an individual on the basis of factors with NO CONTROL over (age, race etc)
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achieved statuses: assigned on the basis of some characteristic or behavior over which there is some control (college graduate, spouse, parent, criminal) (+/-)
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the structure of a society refers to the way it is organized
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Organized into:
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institutions
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social groups
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statuses
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roles
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something that represents something else
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- language, gestures, and objects whose meaning is commonly understood by the members of a society
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ex.) flipping someone off, gang sings (meaning to them not me)
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consequences for conforming to or violating norms
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- can be positive or negative
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(+)= being nice, receiving an award for a kind act
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(-)= breaking the law
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macrosociology looks at 'big picture' of society suggests how social problems are affected at the institutional level
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STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM and CONFLICT THEORY
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microsociology concerned with the psychological dynamics of individuals interacting in small groups
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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
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an institution is an established and enduring pattern of social relationships
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5 traditional institutions are:
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family, religion, politics, economics, education
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family- everyone comes from one (+/-)
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religion- guides a lot of issues ( gay rights, legalized prositution)
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politics- huge impact, set policies with a direct impact on you (happy if ur guy wins, sad if loses)
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economics- micro and macro, every thing is tied into it, SPENDING, globally interconnected, high unemployment = worst economy
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education- HS drop outs: not great jobs, high crime
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Stages of conducting a research study
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1. formulating a research question
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2. reviewing the literature (whats already out there?)
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3. defining variables (measurable event, characteristic, or property that is subject to change)
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4. formulating a hypothesis (B4 research)
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*methods of data collection
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experiments: involves manipulating the independent variable to determine how it affects the dependent
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survey: not v accurate; eliciting info from respondents thru questions (sample: portion of population)
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interviews: survey research, people ask respondents questions and make written notes ab (advantage: clarifying questions)
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questionnaires: less expensive and less time consuming but response rate is a downside
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web based surveys: growing in popularity, thought to reduce problems associated with traditional survey research
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field research: observing social behavior in settings in which it occurs naturally
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^^ participant observation (researcher participates in whatever is studied); nonparticipant observation ( researcher observes).... presence influences behavior
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secondary data research: researching what has been researched
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
