AP Statistics Unit 1 Study Guide
|
Population
|
entire collection of individuals or objects that information is gathered from
|
|
Sample
|
subsets of population that is randomly selected
|
|
Census
|
performed to gather information about an entire population
|
|
Descriptive Statistics
|
method of organizing and summarizing data
|
|
Inferential Statistics
|
making generalizations from a sample to a population
|
|
Variable
|
characteristics that make change
|
|
Data
|
actual observations collected
|
|
Categorical Variable
|
no meaningful numerical value
|
|
Numerical Variable
|
measurements, can be averaged
|
|
Discrete Numerical
|
can only be specific values
|
|
Continuous Numerical
|
can be any value
|
|
Univariate
|
describes single characteristics
|
|
Symmetrical Distribution
|
both sides of data are approximately the same when folded down the middle
|
|
Normal Distribution
|
bell-shaped, occurs a lot in real life
|
|
Uniform Distribution
|
rectangular shaped
|
|
Skewed Distribution
|
one side is longer than the other
|
|
Bimodal
|
has two distinct maximums
|
|
Parameter
|
a fixed value about a population; typically unkown
|
|
Statistic
|
a value calculated from a sample that is used to estimate the parameter
|
|
Median
|
the middle of the data; 50th percentile
|
|
Mean
|
the arithmetic average
|
|
Mode
|
the observation that occurs the most often
|
|
Resistant
|
when a statistic is not affected by outliers
|
|
Variability
|
how spread out the data is
|
|
Standard Deviation
|
a measure of the average distance from the mean
|
|
Interquartile Range
|
the range of the middle 50% of the data
|
|
Variance
|
the average of the squared deviations
|
|
Shape
|
the distribution of the graph (symmetrical, uniform, normal, skewed, bimodal)
|
|
Outliers
|
values that are away from the rest of the data
|
|
Context
|
explain what the graph is showing
|
|
Center
|
describe the mean or median of the data
|
|
Spread
|
describe the range, IQR, or standard deviation of the data
|
|
Bar Graph
|
categorical, bars do not touch
|
|
Pie Graph
|
categorical, percentages, can be approximated
|
|
Dotplot
|
numerical, putting dots on a number line
|
|
Stem Plot
|
univariate numerical, must have a key
|
|
Discrete Histograms
|
numerical, bars touch, centered over discrete values
|
|
Continuous Histograms
|
numerical, bars touch, bars cover an intervals of values
|
|
Boxplot
|
displays percentages of data, construction is subjective, useful for comparisons
|
|
Ogives
|
shows relative frequency, or percentiles for data
|
|
Z-Score
|
Z = (value - mean)/(standard deviation)
|
|
IQR
|
Q3 - Q1
|
|
Lower Fence
|
Q1 - 1.5(IQR)
|
|
Upper Fence
|
Q3 - 1.5(IQR)
|
No comments yet.
Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
